Abstract:

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current contradiction between the supply and demand of agricultural water resources in China, as well as the research status of water-saving irrigation for rice. The study systematically summarizes and analyzes the research from two perspectives: water-saving irrigation technologies and water-saving irrigation equipment. It identifies existing problems, proposes corresponding solutions, and anticipates development trends, aiming to offer theoretical support for future research on rice stress resistance and water-saving irrigation in China. Rain-adapted irrigation and rainwater-storage irrigation are the most prevalent water-saving irrigation modes in rice cultivation. On large-scale farms, integrated water and fertilizer devices and sprinkler irrigation systems are the most commonly used rice irrigation machinery. Currently, research on water-saving irrigation for rice in China mainly faces the following challenges: there is a significant lack of independent research on irrigation technologies for specific terrains; the existing irrigation equipment is not accurate enough in determining the irrigation area, resulting in insufficient irrigation water supply; the water resource utilization efficiency of mechanical irrigation is low, and the effective irrigation rate needs further enhancement; the coverage of modernization renovation for irrigation districts is limited, and promotion efforts are insufficient; irrigation technologies in urban and rural areas are complex, and operational maintenance and technical support are inadequate. To address these issues, the following measures can be taken in the future. Firstly, vigorously develop intelligent irrigation devices suitable for different terrains. Secondly, optimize the structure of water emitters and promote research on constant-pressure technology in water conveyance pipelines. Thirdly, increase publicity efforts for water-saving irrigation technologies, improve relevant laws and regulations regarding subsidies for irrigation district renovation, and establish advanced demonstration parks for water-saving irrigation in urban and rural areas. Fourthly, intensify the promotion of technical services for water-saving irrigation in urban and rural areas. Through these initiatives, we can drive the high-quality development of China’s rice water-saving irrigation industry and inject strong momentum into rural revitalization.

Key words: rice, water-saving irrigation technology, water-saving irrigation equipment, intelligent irrigation device

摘要：

本文综述了我国当前面临的农业水资源供需矛盾以及水稻节水灌溉的研究现状，系统归纳与分析节水灌溉技术和节水灌溉装备，指出了现存问题，提出了相应的解决方案，并展望了发展趋势，旨在为我国未来水稻抗逆研究与节水灌溉研究提供理论支撑。适雨灌溉与蓄雨型灌溉是水稻领域最为常见的节水灌溉模式；在大型农场中，水肥一体化装置与喷灌机是应用最为普遍的水稻灌溉机械。目前，我国水稻节水灌溉研究主要存在以下问题：在特异性地形灌溉技术的自主化研究方面存在明显不足；现有灌溉装备对灌溉面积的判定不够精准，致使灌溉水量无法充分满足需求；机械灌溉的水资源利用系数偏低，有效灌溉率有待进一步提升；灌区现代化改造的覆盖面积较小，推广力度不足；城乡灌溉技术难度较大，且运行维修和技术支持力度不够。针对上述问题，未来可从以下几个方面着手解决：一是大力开发适宜不同地形的智能灌溉装置；二是优化灌水器结构，推动输水管道恒压技术研究；三是加大节水灌溉技术的宣传力度，健全灌区改造补助的相关法律法规，建立城乡节水灌溉先进示范园；四是加大城乡节水灌溉技术推广服务力度。通过这些举措，助力我国水稻节水灌溉行业实现高质量发展，为乡村振兴注入强大动力。

关键词: 水稻, 节水灌溉技术, 节水灌溉装备, 智能灌溉装置