Effects of Combined Application of Slow-Release Fertilizer and High Water-Level Intermittent Irrigation on Rice Growth Characteristics, Yield, Soil Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiency

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.06.005

Abstract

Abstract:

To further investigate the effects of high-water-level intermittent irrigation under the application of slow-release fertilizer on rice growth characteristics, yield, soil nitrogen content, and water use efficiency, a rice planting pit experiment was conducted from May to September 2024 in the Zhanghe Irrigation District using the rice variety Zuanliangyou Chaozhan. The experiment included two irrigation modes: high-water-level intermittent irrigation (labeled W₁) and conventional-water-level intermittent irrigation (labeled W₂), as well as two fertilizer types: slow-release fertilizer (labeled N₁) and conventional fertilizer (labeled N₂). Among these, the W₁N₁ treatment adopted an orthogonal design with four factors and three levels, precisely controlling different gradient water levels during the rice reviving stage (labeled A), early tillering stage (labeled B), jointing and booting stage (labeled C), and heading and flowering stage (labeled D). The experimental results showed that the W₁N₁ treatment more significantly promoted rice tillering and plant height growth. Specifically, high-water-level control during the reviving stage and the heading and flowering stage had a greater impact on rice plant height and tillering. In terms of dry matter accumulation, the W₁N₁ treatment outperformed the W₂N₂ treatment, with high-water-level control during the heading and flowering stage having the most pronounced effect on dry matter accumulation at the yellow maturity stage. Regarding yield, the highest rice yield was observed under the A3B1C2D2N₁ treatment, reaching 7 931.88 kg/hm². Compared with the W₂N₂ treatment, the average yield under the W₁N₁ treatment was 18.17% higher. In terms of total soil nitrogen content, the W₁N₁ treatment increased at an average level by 11.82% compared to the W₂N₂ treatment. For irrigation water use efficiency, the A3B1C2D2N₁ and A2B3C1D2N₁ treatments showed increases of 19.18% and 13.05%, respectively, compared to the W₂N₂ treatment. High-water-level control during the heading and flowering stage had the greatest impact on both yield and irrigation water use efficiency. In summary, under slow-release fertilizer conditions, adopting high-water-level intermittent irrigation can promote rice plant height growth, increase tiller number, enhance dry matter accumulation, improve yield and total soil nitrogen content, and under specific water-level controls, effectively increase irrigation water use efficiency.

Key words: rice, high water-level, intermittent irrigation, slow-released fertilizer, yield, irrigation water use efficiency

摘要：

为深入探究在缓释肥施用条件下，高水位间歇灌溉对水稻生长特性、产量、土壤氮素含量以及水分利用效率的影响，2024年5月至9月，在漳河灌区以水稻品种钻两优超占为试验材料，开展水稻种植测坑试验。试验设置了两种灌溉模式：高水位间歇灌溉（W₁）和常规水位间歇灌溉（W₂）；同时设置两种施肥类型：缓释肥（N₁）和常规肥（N₂）。其中，W₁N₁处理采用4因素3水平的正交设计，在水稻的返青期（标记为A）、分蘖前期（标记为B）、拔节孕穗期（标记为C）、抽穗开花期（标记为D）精确控制不同梯度的水位。试验结果表明，W₁N₁处理对水稻植株分蘖和株高增长的促进作用更为显著。具体而言，返青期和抽穗开花期的高水位控制，对水稻株高和分蘖的影响较大。在干物质积累量方面，W₁N₁处理的促进作用优于W₂N₂处理，且抽穗开花期的高水位控制对水稻黄熟期的干物质积累量影响最为突出。从产量数据来看，A3B1C2D2N₁处理的水稻产量最高，达到7 931.88 kg/hm²；与W₂N₂处理相比，W₁N₁处理的平均产量高出18.17%。在土壤全氮含量方面，W₁N₁处理较W₂N₂处理平均提高了11.82%。在灌溉水利用效率上，A3B1C2D2N₁处理和A2B3C1D2N₁处理分别较W₂N₂处理高出19.18%和13.05%，且抽穗开花期的高水位控制对产量和灌溉水利用效率的影响最大。综上所述，在缓释肥条件下采用高水位间歇灌溉方式，能够促进水稻株高增长、增加分蘖数量、增强干物质积累、提高产量以及土壤全氮含量，并且在特定水位控制下，能有效提高灌溉水利用效率。

关键词: 水稻, 高水位, 间歇灌溉, 缓释肥, 产量, 灌溉水利用效率

CLC Number:

WANG Yuhang, HE Jun, FENG Siyuan, TIAN Miao, CHEN Zumei, WANG Shan, ZHANG Baolong, RONG Leyan, ZHANG Jierui. Effects of Combined Application of Slow-Release Fertilizer and High Water-Level Intermittent Irrigation on Rice Growth Characteristics, Yield, Soil Nitrogen and Water Use Efficiency[J]. China Rice, 2026, 32(6): 29-36.

王宇航, 何军, 冯思源, 田淼, 陈祖梅, 王珊, 张宝龙, 荣乐颜, 张杰睿. 缓释肥施用配合高水位间歇灌溉对水稻生长特性、产量、土壤氮素和水分利用的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2026, 32(6): 29-36.

Figures/Tables 13

References 31

[1]	陈静, 唐振闯, 程广燕. 我国稻谷口粮消费特征及其趋势预测[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2020, 41(4):108-116.
[2]	陈品, 徐春春, 纪龙, 等. 2024年我国水稻产业形势分析及2025年展望[J]. 中国稻米, 2025, 31(2):1-5.
[3]	中华人民共和国水利部. 2023年《中国水资源公报》[EB/OL]. (2024-06-14)[2025-11-23].
[4]	郑世宗, 肖梦华. 不同灌溉模式下常规稻与杂交稻生长及水分利用的差异性分析[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2023, 42(10):1-8.
[5]	HE G, WANG Z, CUI Z L. Managing irrigation water for sustainable rice production in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 245: 118 928.
[6]	李峰平, 章光新, 董李勤. 气候变化对水循环与水资源的影响研究综述[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(4):457-464.
[7]	王波清, 颜庭琦. 我国水稻节水灌溉的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 中国稻米, 2025, 31(5):8-16.
[8]	马世浩, 杨丞, 王贵兵, 等. 水稻节水灌溉技术模式研究进展[J]. 节水灌溉, 2021(8):19-24.
[9]	彭锃琳, 崔远来, 才硕, 等. 水肥管理对鄱阳湖流域稻田温室气体排放的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(16):85-93.
[10]	王妍, 孙光宝, 刘红奎, 等. 不同水文年型下水肥调控对水稻生长的影响规律[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2024, 41(8):73-81.
[11]	王廷金, 时红, 才硕, 等. 灌溉和种植方式对稻田水氮利用及损失的影响[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2024, 46(3):609-624.
[12]	余双, 崔远来, 王力, 等. 水稻间歇灌溉对土壤肥力的影响[J]. 武汉大学学报(工学版), 2016, 49(1):46-53.
[13]	ZHANG Y, HU T, WANG H, et al. How do different nitrogen application levels and irrigation practices impact biological nitrogen fixation and its distribution in paddy system?[J]. Plant and Soil, 2021, 467(1): 329-344.
[14]	吴周周, 刘佳欣, 陈粤彤, 等. 缓控释肥研究现状及其在水稻上的应用[J]. 中国稻米, 2022, 28(1):13-17.
[15]	刘晓淑, 侯翠红, 陈新平, 等. 无机包裹缓释肥对水稻生长与氮肥利用的影响[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 47(1):83-92.
[16]	田文涛, 党程成, 郝蓉蓉, 等. 缓释肥一次性施肥在水稻上增产增效的农学基础研究[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2023, 51(4):71-77.
[17]	杨鹏, 何军, 付亮, 等. 间歇灌溉缓释肥对稻田土壤肥力、根干重及产量的影响[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2022(3):168-173.
[18]	陈真雄, 何军, 钟韵, 等. 不同水肥处理对水稻磷素吸收利用、产量和根干重的影响[J]. 节水灌溉, 2024(1):87-93.
[19]	何军, 常元莉, 李雪蓉, 等. 节灌条件缓释肥对水稻株高、分蘖、叶绿素及产量的影响[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2016(3):7-9.
[20]	CHENG H, SHU K, ZHU T, et al. Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on yield, water and nitrogen use, and greenhouse gas emissions in rice paddy fields[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2022, 349: 131 487.
[21]	NAKAMURA K, HUNG T, VAN TINH N, et al. Effect of organizational paddy water management by a water user group on methane and nitrous oxide emissions and rice yield in the Red River Delta, Vietnam[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2019, 217: 179-192.
[22]	KIMA A S, CHUNG W G, WANG Y M, et al. Evaluating water depths for high water productivity in irrigated lowland rice field by employing alternate wetting and drying technique under tropical climate conditions, Southern Taiwan[J]. Paddy and Water Environment, 2015, 13(4): 379-389.
[23]	周洁宇, 何军, 李杜白, 等. 不同栽培方式下缓释肥施用对水稻生长特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2022, 28(3): 92-95.
[24]	华克骥, 何军, 张宇航, 等. 不同灌溉和施肥方式对稻田土壤氮、磷迁移转化的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2022, 41(7):35-43.
[25]	李世发, 刘元英, 范立春, 等. 缓释肥对水稻生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 2008, 39(7):38-43.
[26]	钟盛建, 何军, 张宇航, 等. 缓释肥条件间歇灌溉对水稻氮素分配及产量的影响[J]. 节水灌溉, 2022(1):58-61.
[27]	ZHUANG Y H, ZHANG L, LI S S, et al. Effects and potential of water-saving irrigation for rice production in China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2019, 217:374-382.
[28]	汪乐养, 何军, 华克骥, 等. 不同灌溉模式下缓释施肥水平对水稻生长特性、产量和品质的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2023, 42(12):44-52.
[29]	张浩, 张一丁, 黄彦, 等. 不同灌溉模式水稻耗水规律和生长特性研究[J]. 节水灌溉, 2023(4):25-31.
[30]	刘广明, 杨劲松, 姜艳, 等. 节水灌溉条件下水稻需水规律及水分利用效率研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2005, 24(6):49-52+55.
[31]	蔡亮, 姜洋. 水稻不同需水关键期适宜灌水下限指标研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2010, 29(6):94-96.