Abstract:

Rice security is a vital cornerstone of national food security, and reducing post-harvest losses while preserving quality is crucial for ensuring the stability of both domestic and global grain supply. Based on observability, post-harvest rice losses can be categorized into visible loss and invisible loss: the former refers to direct quantitative reductions caused by mechanical actions such as collision, spillage, and omission, which are relatively easy to monitor and quantify; the latter stems from factors like the grain’s own metabolism and biological infestation, leading to quality deterioration, nutrient loss, and restricted utilization, thereby preventing full resource efficiency and often remaining imperceptible to direct observation. Existing research has predominantly focused on visible post-harvest losses, with insufficient attention paid to invisible losses in the early post-harvest stages (harvesting, drying, and storage). In light of this, drawing on existing studies on grain loss, this paper focuses on analyzing the characteristics of invisible losses in the above three key stages, identifying their critical influencing factors, and proposing targeted reduction strategies. The aim is to enhance the overall quality and safety of China’s rice supply and provide theoretical reference for stabilizing the global grain supply chain.

Key words: rice, post-harvest loss, invisible loss, grain loss reduction

摘要：

稻谷安全是国家粮食安全的重要基石，而产后各环节的减损保质，对于保障国家乃至全球粮食供应的稳定性具有关键意义。依据损失的可观测性，稻谷产后损失可分为显性损失与隐性损失：前者系因碰撞、抛洒、遗漏等机械作用导致的直接数量减少，易于监测与计量；后者则源于粮食自身的新陈代谢、生物侵染等因素，引发品质劣变、营养流失及用途受限，导致资源无法充分利用，且往往难以直观察觉。现有研究多聚焦于产后显性损失，对产后前端（收获、干燥、储藏）的隐性损失关注明显不足。鉴于此，本文基于既有粮食损失研究，重点剖析上述三个关键环节的隐性损失特征，解析其关键影响因素，并提出针对性降损策略，旨在提升我国稻谷整体质量与安全水平，并为全球粮食供应链的稳定提供理论参考。

关键词: 稻谷, 产后损失, 隐性损失, 粮食减损