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20 September 2014, Volume 20 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Recent Progress on Cloning and Application of Rice Blast Resistance Genes ZHANG Pei-Sheng-1, ZHAO Chun-De-2, YU Ning-2, ZHANG Ying-Xin-23, LIU Qun-恩2* 2014, 20(5): 1-7.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (754KB) ( )   Rice blast is one of the most devastating diseases, causing huge losses every year. Exploitation and utilization of broad-spectrum resistance genes are considered as the most effective ways to control the disease. The progress of rice blast resistance gene cloning, functional marker development, marker-assisted breeding in rice were summarized as to provide theoretical guidance for cloning, studying, using rice blast resistance genes.

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Effects and Physiological Analysis of Soil Moisture and Nitrogen Nutrient on Grain Filling of Large Panicle Rice 2014, 20(5): 8-12.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (673KB) ( )   The large panicle rice has important significance for increasing grain yield, with large sink capacity and high yield potential. Soil moisture and nitrogen management play a key role in the formation of grain yield and quality of rice during grain filling stage. To guide the cultivation of large panicle with high yield and quality, it has practical significance for study on the effects of soil moisture and nitrogen nutrient on mechanisms of large panicle rice. In this review, study of characteristics on large panicle rice in grain filling, the effects of soil moisture and nitrogen nutrient on large panicle rice in grain filling and its physiological analysis were summarized. The existing problems and further studies on large panicle rice were proposed.

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Analysis of Segregation Distortion of SSR and Indel Markers in F2 Population Derived from the Cross of Indica and Japonica Rice 2014, 20(5): 13-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (650KB) ( )   Segregation distortion refers to the phenomenon observed deviations from the expected frequency of genetic markers of Mendelian frequency separation, which has attracted considerable attention as an evolutionary force that can cause an increase in the population frequency of the heterozygous allele or heteromorphic chromosome.In this study,a rice genetic linkage map comprising 92 SSR and 44 Indel markers loci was constructed using an F2 population consisting of 80 lines from a sub-specific cross between japonica rice Nipponbare and indica rice Qianlidao. The results showed that F2 population was significantly distorted. Among these markers, 116 markers showed segregation distortion（85.29%）, 79 markers extreme showed segregation distortion（68.10%）. Segregation distortion caused by the choice of the zygote has 20, gamete select caused 93, RM3484, RM3702, os7-38.4 is neither caused by a homozygous select nor gametes select. Segregation distortion rate for Indel markers（97.72%） were significantly higher than that for SSR markers（79.34%）. All marks deviated preference to paternal Qianlidao. The causes of segregation distortion were discussed based on the results and previous report.

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Effects of Shading Before and After Heading on Yield Formation of Super Japonica Rice WANG Ya-jiang, YAN Xi-ting, MENG Tian-yao, YANG Da-liu, WEI Hai-yan*, ZHANG Hong-cheng, DAI Qi-gen, HUO Zhong-yang, XU Ke 2014, 20(5): 18-21.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (526KB) ( )   Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of shading 20 days before（L1） and after heading （L2）, and no shading L0 as control, on yield formation of super japonica rice Nanjing 44 and Ningjing 3. The results showed that yield under the different light treatment was L1>L3>L2. Compared with L0, L1 reduced the leaf area index at heading, grain-leaf ratio and dry matter accumulation from jointing to maturity, increased the flag leaf SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate after full heading, then conducted to unfavorable-delayed senescence of 2 rice varieties. L2 mainly affected photosynthate accumulation from heading to maturity, and the effects on grain-leaf ratio and SPAD value were greater than L1. Compared with L0, L1 reduced the panicle length and light transmittance of top 3rd leaf, increased the plant height and leaf basal angle, vane angle, drooping degree of top three leaf at full heading.

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Effect of Nitrogen Application Regime on the Growth, Yield and Nitrogen uptake of Direct-seeding Rice in the South of Hubei Province HOU Wen-feng, LI Xiao-kun*, LI Yun-chun, REN Tao, CONG Ri-huan, LU Jian-wei 2014, 20(5): 22-26.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (579KB) ( )   A field experiment was conducted in Chibi city, to study the effects of nitrogen （N） application regime on the growth, yield and N uptake of direct-seeding rice in the current production conditions in order to provide evidence for scientific application of N fertilizer. The results showed that the application of N increased the yield significantly by 1 010 kg/hm2 and 17.0% compared to that of the treatment of no N （T1）. And the increase of yield of the treatment of total N splited 3 times was the most, increased by 1 468 kg/hm2 and 24.7%. The N uptake of the treatment of N application in the stage of seeding, tillering, full heading and harvest were increased by 34%, 125%, 80% and 39% compared to that of the T1 treatment. Reasonable application of N improved the nitrogen fertilizer use utilization significantly. The N recovery efficiency of the treatment of split application （T4 and T5） were increased by 22 and 28 percentage point compared to that of the treatment of total N as basal fertilizer. Under the trial condition, the treatment of 50% of total N as basal fertilizer, 30% as seedling fertilizer and 20% as tillering fertilizer was the best, and it is worthy of extending to application.

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Study on the Characteristics of Time Dimension Variation of Soil Nutrients on the Farm Scale, Jiangsu Province ZHU Tao-1, GAO Hui-2, CHOU Hong-2 2014, 20(5): 27-30.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (496KB) ( )   Based on the second soil census of whole farm in 1980 and soil testing results using GPS in 2000 and 2010, the paper studied the time dimension variation characteristics of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium and pH value in the plough layer and profile of Fuxingwei farm, aiming to explore the time dimension variation rules of soil nutrients on the farm scale and provide theory basis for the formulation of precise fertilization strategy on rice and wheat.

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Research on the Milling Processing with Germ- remained Japonica Rice of Northern China WANG Shao-Yuan-1, MENG Qing-Hong-1, 2* , YAN Song-1, ZHANG Zhi-Hong-1, GAO Yang-1, YUAN Chao-1, LU Shu-Wen-1, HE Ye-Yuan-Xin-3 2014, 20(5): 31-35.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (582KB) ( )   In this research, rice milling technology for the germ-remained rice was explored based on the rice cultivars which were large area planting in northeast of China. Milling time, mesh number, rotational speed and length-width ratio of rice in milling were selected as the experimental parameters, while the quadratic orthogonal rotation experiments, response surface method and regression equation were used to analyze the variation of whiteness and rice germ reserved rate of germ-remained rice affected by the parameters. The results suggested that, the roller mesh number was an important element that affect the whiteness and germ reserved rate. Rotational speed and milling time were less important. Rise of length-width ratio would lead to rise of whiteness while the germ reserved rate decreased gradually. As a result, the best rice milling techniques is as follows: milling time 6 min, length-width ratio of rice 1.79, the roller mesh number 46#, rotational speed 830 r/min.

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Rice Culture Rethinking （7） : The Origin, Differentiation and Spread of Rice PANG Qian-Lin, WEI Xing-Hua, LIN Hai, WANG Zhi-Gang, WANG Lei 2014, 20(5): 36-41.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (966KB) ( )   Some research achivements of the origin, differentiation and spread of asian cultivated rice （Oryza sativa L.） are reviewed and discussed in the paper, the route of cultivated rice origin and spread are drawn as follows: cultivated rice was originated and spread in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river basin and south of China, and mainly japonica rice further spread from different east part of China to Korean  and Japan, mainly indica rice spread to the south and southwest of China and to Vietnam, India and etc., and further to European and Americas countries. Some research indicated that Indica and Japonica rice were differentiated from wild rice Oryza rufipogon Griff, and some research indicated that they were differentiated from middle cultivated rice, but a research showed that the most important agricultural gene in indica and japonica rice seems to originate from the same. Legend of humanities and fairy tales related to rice are introduced.

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Investigation on the Safe Full Heading Date and Appropriate Seeding Date of Different Types of Late Seasonal Machine Transplanted Rice FANG Yu-Wei-1, HONG Yi-Qian-2, XUE Zhan-Kui-1, JI Hong-Hu-3, HU Gu-Lang-1, * 2014, 20(5): 42-47.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (742KB) ( )   In two-year trial of different seeding times and seedling ages, the safe full heading date and appropriate seeding date of different types of late seasonal machine transplanted rice, such as indica hybrid rice Wuyou 308, indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 and japonica hybrid rice Jiayou No.2, were investigated. The results showed that the production of all the tested cultivars decreased with the delay of seeding time; Wuyou 308, Yongyou 2640 and Jiayou No.2 fully headed in the seedling age of 18 d when they are planted before June 3rd, June 6th and June 9th respectively. Jiayou No.2 showed the best tolerance to delayed seeding, but significantly lower production compared to Wuyou 308 （highest） and Yongyou 2640. Wuyou 308 had inferior seedling quality and narrower appropriate seedling range compared to Yongyou 2640. The optimum range of seedling age for machine transplanting of Wuyou 308 was 12 to 20 days, and that of Yongyou 2640 was 17 to 27 days. When the seedling age of Wuyou 308 was over 21 days, its heading stage will delay, the risk of being unable to full heading will increase, and lead to obviously lower production than Yongyou 2640.

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Quality Analysis on Hybrid Rice Combinations Derived from Chuanxiang 29A and Registered in Sichuan Province KUANG Hao-Chi, LUO Jun-Tao, YANG Yang, CHEN Guang-Zhen, HE Xing-Cai, FU Jun, ZENG Zheng-Ming-* 2014, 20(5): 48-51.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (378KB) ( )   There are 13 three lines indica hybrid rice combinations derived from chuanxiang 29A and registered in sichuan province. In the paper, the main quality traits of the 13 combinations and the relevant relations were analyzed. The results showed that the average milled rice rate is 58.5%, and 12 combinations achieved the national standard good quality rice grade three. The average length-width ratio is 2.8, and 5 combinations achieved the national standard good quality rice grade three. The average chalky grain rate is 38.2%, and 7 combinations achieved the national standard good quality rice grade three. The average chalkiness is 7.6%, and 6 combinations achieved the national standard good quality rice grade three. The average gel consistency is 63 mm, and 11 combinations achieved the national standard good quality rice grade three. The average amylose content is 22.4%, and 9 combinations achieved the national standard good quality rice grade three. The integrated rice quality of only 3 combinations in 13 combinations achieved the national standard good quality rice grade three. The main restricting factor are the length-width ratio, chalky grain rate and chalkiness. Among the various quality indicators, length-width ratio has a significant negative correlation with chalky grain rate and chalkiness. Chalky grain rate has a significant positive correlation with chalkiness. Milled rice rate has a significant positive correlation with chalkiness. Amylose content has a significant positive correlation with chalky grain rate and chalkiness. Therefore, to further enhance the quality of rice combinations derived from Chuanxiang 29A should focus on the choice of recovery lines with slender grain type, lower chalky grain rate and chalkiness.

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Management Strategy of Brown Planthopper in Single Cropping Season Rice in Taihu Lake Region ZHU Mao-Long, LI Jun 2014, 20(5): 52-56.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (529KB) ( )   The immigrates dominantly of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal in single cropping season in Taihu Lake region is July 10-25, with only one migrating peak. When the immigration occurred during mid and late tillering stages of rice, the insect reached the most serious generation after reproduced only one generation. However, when the immigration occurred in early tillering stage, two generations were needed prior to outbreak. The reproduction from the immigration peak to brachypterous-adult peak was unimportant for the formation of the most serious generation; however, the reproduction following the brachypterous-adult peak had great contribution. As considering rice developmental stage, the reproduction from late tillering stage to the end of heading stage was crucial for the outbreak in later stages. The high temperature in summer could not suppress this insect evidently. The major occurrence time was delayed from mid and late August to September 25-30 due to the changes in rice culturing practices, with the immigration being small while population increase being high. Based on these situations, we suggest that the insect in single-season rice should be controlled dominantly from jointing to the end of booting stages, and if necessary, additionally at heading stage.

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Genetic Research in Growth Period of Three-line Hybrid Japonica Rice in Heilongjiang Province ZHAO Bei-Ping, ZHENG Fu-Yu, ZHOU Jin-Song, LI Kun, GAO Hong-Ru, YU Yan-Min 2014, 20(5): 57-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (270KB) ( )   The growth period and its genetic regularity of 49（7×7） three-line hybrid japonica rice combinations and its parents in Heilongjiang province was studied. The results indicated that the growth period of F1 was common effected by both parents, and was positive correlation either. The influence of parent with longer growth period was bigger than the shorter. The growth period of F1 could be longer than the shorter one of parents and the average of them.The growth period of F1 surpassed the parent with longer growth period when the difference less than 8 day. The growth period of F1 was between the average and the longer one when the difference between them more than 8 day, and close to the parent with longer growth period.

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Evaluation on Rice Varieties Resistance to Rice Blast and Rice False Smut in Anhui Province ZHANG Ai-Fang-1, CHEN Yu-1, YANG Xue-1, WANG Chun-Lin-2, WANG Wen-Xiang-1* 2014, 20(5): 60-61,64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (402KB) ( )   Resistance of 103 rice varieties to rice blast and rice false smut was evaluated in Anhui Province in 2013. The results of resistance to rice blast showed: 5 varieties and 9 varieties were resistance and middle-resistance respectively（13.59% of the total）; 25 varieties were middle-sensibility（24.27% of the total）; 33 varieties and 31 varieties were sensibility and high-sensibility, respectively（62.14% of the total）. The evaluation results of rice resistance to false smut showed that: 6 varieties and 7 varieties were resistance and middle-resistance respectively（12.62% of the total）; 55 varieties were middle-sensibility （53.40% of the total）; 29 varieties and 6 varieties were sensibility and high-sensibility respectively（33.98% of the total）. Only 3 varieties, G-you6, Y-liangyou1500 and Xieyou118, showed resistance or middle-resistance to both rice blast and false smut.

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Research on the Mechanization Techniques of Seed Production of Hybrid Rice Zhongzheyou 1 TANG Chang-Hua-1, CHEN Qing-1, ZHANG Peng-2, GAO Yu-2, TONG Han-Hua-2* 2014, 20(5): 62-64.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (404KB) ( )   To decrease the cost of hybrid rice seed production, resolve the seasonal labor shortage, and improve the comprehensive productive capacity for hybrid rice seed production, a mechanical techniques for hybrid rice seed production was studied using Zhongzheyou 1 as a material. Additionally, the mechanical seed production method was introduced and its economic benefit was analyzed.

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Different Proportion of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Growth of Quantitative Cultivation Rice in the Northern Area of Liaoning Province LI Fei 2014, 20(5): 65-67.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (351KB) ( )   An experiment was carried out to explore suitable fertilization model for rice quantitative cultivation in the northern area of Liaoning by comparing the application effects of three kinds proportion of nitrogen fertilization to the conventional fertilization. The results showed that the nitrogen divided as 6∶4 by basal fertilizer and panicle fertilizer is relatively reasonable, which can effectively control the ineffective tillers, increase grain numbers per spike, seed setting rate and the weight of grain, increase yield by 18.6%.

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Physiological Effects of Megafol on Rice Growth and Grain Yield YANG Xue-Qin-1, ZHANG Cai-Xia-1, YANG Yong-Jie-1, FU Guan-Fu-1, LIANG Wei-Yu-2, WU Jia-Qiang-2, TAO Long-Xing-1* 2014, 20(5): 68-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (504KB) ( )   “Megafol” was classified as a plant therapy product. It is used to enhance the resistance of the plants to stress and increase crop yield. Four rice varieties as zhongzheyou1, chunyou84, chunjiang119 and zhongzheA/R5 were selected as materials. Foliage application was conducted at three stages: one week after transplanting, active tillering stage and full heading stage, respectively. The results indicated that“Megafol” increased rice yield by 6%~16% based on significantly increased the total fertile grain number per plant. Further study showed that the yield enhancement be derived from an increase of chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate of flag leaves.“Megafol” had no significant effects on 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate, plant height, roots system activity and rice cooking quality.

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Effects of Funong Biological Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Rice YANG Qing-1, YANG Jing-2, 吕Bin-1 , MA Wen-Dong-1, WANG Li-Nan-1, WANG Tao-2, SUN Jiao-2 2014, 20(5): 72-74.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (357KB) ( )   The effects of biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on growth，yield and quality of rice Longjing 27 were comparatively studied in the experiment． The results showed that using funong biological fertilizer could delay the growth period 4~5 days，reduce the height of plant 2 cm，increase lodging resistance, ensure the safety of mature, increase the yield by 9.2%, increase the grain number and filled grain number per panicle, and increase the brown rice rate，head rice rate and gel consistency, improve the chalky rice rate, chalkiness degree and eating quality.

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Effects of Soil Moisture Conservation Dry Nursery on Yield of Different Type Rice FENG Wei-Dong-1, WANG Xiao-Juan-2, YANG Zi-Jian-3, WANG Sheng-Ming-3, LIU Hong-4 2014, 20(5): 75-78.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (430KB) ( )   An experiment was carried out to study the effects of soil moisture conservation drought seedling on different type rice varieties. The results showed that the yield of soil moisture conservation drought seedling was better than conventional dry nursery. Because the soil moisture conservation drought seedling had early sowing, small sowing quantity, good quality, strong tillering ability, and increased the effective tillering stage and effective tillering, thereby gained more spikes, achieved high yield.

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Screening and Cultivation Techniques of Ratoon Rice in Mountainous Western Fujian LAN Chao-Huang 2014, 20(5): 79-80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (261KB) ( )   Light and temperature resources of Fujian Wuping paddy rice planting season is more than one season but less than two seasons. Based on the variety comparative test, the author selected some suitable high yield varieties for local ratoon rice cultivation, and carried out high yield cultivation demonstration and the best sowing date test, summarized the high yield cultivation techniques for early sowing rice and ratoon rice.

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High Yield Direct Seeding  Cultivation Techniques of Super Rice Zhongjiazao 17 ZHOU Ai-Zhu, XU Gang-Yong, LIU Cai-Gao, JIANG Xiao-Ming 2014, 20(5): 81-83.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (345KB) ( )   In order to provide scientific basis and reference for simplified, high yield and high efficiency cultivation in similar rice ecological zones, the authors summarized and optimized the high yield direct seeding techniques of super rice Zhongjiazao 17 after several years of experiments and demonstration.

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Characteristics and Cultivation Techniques of Indica Rice Combination Qingliangyou 916 GUO Gui-Ying, WANG Qing-Lin, QI Yu-Liang, MA Han-Yun, FU Ding, HUO 二Wei, SHEN Guang-Hui, YU Xin-Chun, QUAN Rui-Lan 2014, 20(5): 84-85.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (298KB) ( )   Qingliangyou 916 was a new two-line late maturing indica hybrid rice combination, bred with Aiqing 34S as female parent, Xiangfeng 916 as male parent by Xinyang branch, Henan academy of agricultural sciences. It has strong tillering ability, high yield, fine quality, good disease and lodging resistance, high seed setting rate and thousand grain weight. It was registered and released by Henan provincial crop variety appraisal committee in 2013. This paper introduced  the characteristics and high yield cultivation techniques of the combination.

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Breeding and Utilization of Large Panicle Indica Rice Restorer Line Luhui 625 YUAN Xiao-Zhen, LI Yun-*, LIU Jie, LIU Xing-Yi, FU Wei 2014, 20(5): 86-,89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (230KB) ( )   Luhui 625 is a new large panicle indica rice restorer by systematic breeding and added generation in south from rice and sorghum research institute, Sichuan academy of agricultural sciences. It has large panicle, high combining ability, disease resistance, strong recovery characteristics. It technically identified in Sichuan Province in July 2012. The new hybrid rice combination Chuan 358 you 625 deried from Luhui 625 and Chuan 358A was registered and released for commercial production by Chongqing Crop Variety Apprasial Committee in 2013.

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Planting Performance of 14 New Rice Varieties in Songjiang Region of Shanghai XU Jian-Jun, LU Ming-Chang, JIN Ju-Hua, GU Xiao 2014, 20(5): 87-89.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (294KB) ( )   In order to select appropriate rice varieties, 14 new rice varieties were planted in Songjiang region of Shanghai in 2013. The results showed that 2808, Wuyun 29144, Wan11-12 and Qingxiangruanjing have great potential for popularizing in Songjiang region of Shanghai.

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Effects of Different Reagents on Seedling Quality of Machine-transplanted Early Rice ZHOU Hong-Hai-1, HU Jian-Fu-2, LU Li-Ming-1, YU Ju-Rong-2 2014, 20(5): 90-92.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2014.05.024 Abstract ( )   PDF (408KB) ( )   To study the effects of different reagents on seedling quality of machine-transplanted early rice, the authors evaluated the effects by soaking seeds, mixing seeds and spraying seedlings. The seedling quality evaluation revealed that KH2PO3 was the best treatment during soaking seeds. Meanwhile, Na2HPO4, KH2PO3 and CaCl2 were antagonistic each other. Gaoqiao was the best one after mixing seeds and the performance of all the three treatments were better than the control. It was distinct that Gaoqiao was quite good for growing root ability. The mixture of Na2HPO4, KH2PO3 and CaCl2 was the best treatment if spraying seedlings. Generally speaking, commercial reagents used for mixing seeds were better than inorganic chemicals used for soaking seeds. The effects of KH2PO3 were close to those of commercial reagent, and the effects by soaking seeds or mixing seeds were better than those by spraying seedlings.