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20 January 2015, Volume 21 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Analysis and Development Strategy on Rice Production & Marketing Trend in China SHI Neng-Pu 2015, 21(1): 1-5.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (646KB) ( )   In the paper, changes of production, consumption, trade and supportive policy of rice in Chna were analyzed by using the data in recent 20 years. The supply and demand trends of rice in 2030 in China were forecasted. For the future, if rice planting area grow at an annual rate of 0.4% and the total production grow at an annual rate of 1.0%, the relationship between supply and demand will be trended more balance and a slight surplus. The author put forward to quarante the red line（i.e. the planting area of 30,000,000 hm2, total rice yield of 200,000,000 t） and make great efforts to increase yield per unit area to ensure the rice self-sufficiency rate more than 95% in China. In order to ensure China rice production and consumption trended to a reasonable interval, the six  guarantee development measures must be implemented.

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Summary of Chinese Rice Food Culture GAO Jie-1, WEN Ya-1, XIONG Shan-Bai-1, ZHAO Si-Ming-1*, YANG Te-Wu-2, CHEN Shi-Long-1 2015, 21(1): 6-11.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (898KB) ( )   Rice food culture is an important part of Chinese food culture．With a long history, it has been promoted by the development of society and progress of science and technology． Rice food culture is characterized with territoriality, hierarchy, season, versatility, et al． Inheriting and promoting rice food culture is of significant importance to the improvement of Chinese culture, technology and society．

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Research on Rice Nitrogen Metabolism Response to Oxygen Content in Rhizosphere HU Zhi-Hua, ZHU Lian-Feng, LIN Yu-Jiong, HU Ji-Jie, ZHANG Jun-Hua, JIN Qian-Yu-* 2015, 21(1): 12-17.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (791KB) ( )   Oxygen plays an important role in rice growth，however rice root experiences oxygen deficiency often in the manufacturing process for its special need of water and oxygen, which would reduce the root breath and absorption of mineral nutrition，result confusion to carbon metabolism, and prejudice to its growth and yield formation. It is of great importance to deeply understand the rice root oxygen physiology and rhizosphere oxygen circumstance improvement in rice anti-water-logging and high yield and enhance nitrogen utilization. In this paper we summarized the study on effect of oxygen content in rhizosphere to rice growth and nitrogen uptake, assimilation and related amino acid metabolism and nitrogen use efficiency, and forecasted the related research in the future.

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Application Status and Prospect of Molecular Marker in Japonica Hybrid Rice Breeding NIU Fu-An-1, CHENG Can-1, ZHOU Ji-Hua-1, YUAN Qin-1, CHU Huang-Wei-1, CAO Li-Ming-1*, LUO Zhong-Yong-2 2015, 21(1): 18-23.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (815KB) ( )   Application of molecular marker provided new technology for japonica hybrid rice breeding. It can greatly improved breeding efficiency that combined with molecular marker and traditional breeding technology. This paper summarized the research and application status of molecular marker in japonica hybrid rice breeding, including analysis of genetic diversity, construction of core germplasm, molecular marker-assisted selection in breeding, heterosis prediction and establishment of DNA fingerprintmap. The main problems for application of molecular markers in japonica hybrid rice breeding were discussed, and the application prospect was also developed.

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Identification of the Critical Sterility-inducing Temperature of Genic Male Sterile Lines with Intelligent Water-temperature Control System in Rice WANG De-Zheng, WANG Hui, WU Shuang, DU Shi-Yun, JIANG Jian-Hua 2015, 21(1): 24-29.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (759KB) ( )    To identify the critical sterility-inducing temperature of dual purpose genic male sterile lines, Pei'ai 64S, Guangzhan 63S, Y58S, Xin'an S and Guangmo S were treated 5 days and 7 days with 22 ℃, 23 ℃ and 24 ℃ respectively. The results showed that low temperature treatment delayed heading dates and elongated the days from initial heading to ending heading. Sterile starting temperatures of all the 5 sterile lines were 24 ℃ except Peiai 64S, which was 23 ℃. In the process of identification of the critical sterility-inducing temperature, the confirmation of development stage of young panicles for inducing, the managements of materials after low temperature treatment and the correct sampling of individual panicles were important factors affecting the accuracy of identification.

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Study on Correlation Among Quality Indexes of Fine Quality Rice Varieties in Hunan Province LIU Li-Cheng, MIN Jun, LIU San-Xiong, PAN Xiao-Wu, HUANG Hai-Ming, LI Yong-Chao-* 2015, 21(1): 30-33.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (517KB) ( )   The main quality indexes of 221 fine quality rice varieties in Hunan province in the past 30 years were analyzed, and the relationship between quality traits and grade was explored. The results showed that the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree bigger, the quality grade was low, while quality grade rose with the increasing of milled rice length width ratio and gel consistency within a certain range. The brown rice rate requirement of the second and third class quality rice of  Hunan Province is higher than the corresponding national standard, but the chalkiness degree and gel consistency requirements is lower than the national standard. The quality of fine quality rice has greatly improved in recent 30 years in Hunan, but the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree was generally higher. Correlation analysis showed that the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree had a significantly positive correlation with brown rice rate and milled rice rate, and had significant negative correlation with milled rice length width ratio, head milled rice rate, gel consistency, alkali spreading value and taste. However, the milled rice length width ratio and head milled rice rate had a significant positive correlation with the gel consistency, alkali spreading value and taste.

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Evaluation on Climate Suitability of Double Early Rice in Xuancheng Area SUN Xiu-Bang, TIAN Qing, WANG Zhou-Qing, WANG Xia, ZHANG Min-Bei, LI Long 2015, 21(1): 34-36.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (441KB) ( )   In order to understand climate suitability of double early rice in Xuancheng area, based on geographic information and observational data of seven meteorological stations from 1981 to 2010, and by using fuzzy mathematics and spatial interpolation methods, the climate suitability of double early rice in this area were studied. The results showed that the temperature climate suitability was higer than others; precipitation suitability was at lower lever, precipitation and sunlight suitability were the unfavorable climate factors affecting the growth of double early rice, the bad effec of temperaturet on double early rice is in the early period of production. By the analysis of  compositive climate suitability, the best planting areas for double early rice mainly focus on northern plateau.

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Study on Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients on the Farm Scale ZHU Tao-1, YAN Xi-Ting-2, LU Jian-Wen-2, GAO Hui-2 2015, 21(1): 37-39,44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (509KB) ( )   According to the results of soil testing using GPS in 2010, the paper analyzed the spatial variability characteristics of the soil nutrient index such as organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorous, available potassium, pH value and effective sulfur on the farm scale by the methods of classical statistics and geostatistics, and made geographic cartography based on the above indicators. The paper aimed at clarifying the regulation of the spatial distribution of the soil nutrients in the study area of Fuxingwei farm, and providing theoretical reference for the farm to implement precise fertilization strategy of crops and improve crop production capacity and economic benefits.

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Rice Culture Rethinking（9）:Ancient and Modern Rice Sci-techniques——Rice Varieties LIN Hai, WANG Zhi-Gang, E Zhi-Guo, PANG Qian-Lin-* 2015, 21(1): 40-44.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (738KB) ( )   Rice cultivation in China has nearly ten thousand years of history. Rice varieties occupys an important position in the development of rice sci-techniques and China’s rice culture. For a long time, the farmers bred and accumulated many rice varieties by  natural and artificial selection. After the establishment of new China, the party and the government attach great importance to the research and development of rice sci-techniques especially in varieties breeding, and not stopped even in the “cultural revolution”.  Therefore, Chinese rice varieties appeared three important breakthrough:short-stalked variety, hybrid rice, super hybrid rice, and provide the most important contribution to enhance China’s rice production. The article summarized the cultural factors and  achievements of rice breeding from ancient to modern times, and some varieties of larger spread area at the time.

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Research on Safe Full Heading Dates and Optimum Sowing Dates of Japonica Rice in South of Henan Porvince DUAN Bin, SONG Shi-Zhi, HE Shi-Jie, LI Hui-Long, SONG Xiao-Hua, ZHEN Cai-Hong 2015, 21(1): 45-47,51.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (514KB) ( )   Based on daily average temperatures from August to September during 1951 to 2010 in Xinyang city, with the continuous three days daily average temperature not lower than 20 degrees as the indice of temperatures for the safe full heading dates of japonica rice in south of Henan Province, the 80% guarantee rate for the safe full heading dates of japonica rice in south of Henan Province was determined at September 6th. By using the method of  interval sowing experiments, the changes of growth period, yield and yield structure of testing varieties were analyzed, the safe full heading dates and optimum sowing dates of the testing varieties were determined.

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Preliminary Study on High Yield Cultivation Techniques of “Indica Rice to Japonica Rice” under Machincal Transplanted Condition along Yangtze River of Anhui Province ZHOU Yong-Jin-1, WU Wen-Ge-1*, YAN Wen-Xue-2, WANG Song-Yang-2, ZHOU Tao-Zhu-2, WANG Bin-1, XU You-Zun-1, CHEN Gang-1 2015, 21(1): 48-51.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (567KB) ( )   In order to improve machincal transplanted cultivation technique after “Indica rice to Japonica rice” in the area of Yangtze River of Anhui Province, effects of basic seedling number per hill on population quality and grain yield of bowl transplanted conventional japonica rice were studied. The experiment was conducted with different seedling number per hill（2, 3, 4 seedlings per hill） using an conventional Japonica rice Nanjing 9108 under bowl transplanted. The results showed that the seedling of bowl transplanted turned green very soon and its tillers developed early. It spends very short time to arrive enough seedling and peak seedling stage. The seedling number per hill ranged from 3 to 4 could established a suitable population, and improved LAI and dry matter accumulation ablity in the middle and late growth stage. Moreover, it significantly increased effective spike number of population and grain yield. So, the seedling number per hill ranged from 3 to 4 was suitable for bowl transplanted conventional Japonica rice in the area of Yangtze River of Anhui province.

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Research on the Key High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Machine-transplanted Rice LI Wei-Hai, LAI Qing-Yun, JIN Jun 2015, 21(1): 52-55,59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (584KB) ( )   Taking the 2012 multi-point data from rice growth monitoring fields in Changzhou city as sample, the effects of planting pattern, planting density, sowing and transplanting date, application of fertilizer on the machine-transplanted rice were analyzed and summarized. The results showed that machine-transplanted rice yield is higher than direct-seeding rice, the main feature is the ears decreasing but the grain number increasing. The optimum planting density of machine-transplanted rice is 1.8×104 points per 667 m2, the optimum transplanted seedling age is 15~20 days, the optimum proportion between the basal-tiller nitrogen and earing nitrogen is 6∶4, the optimum proportion between the basal nitrogen and tiller nitrogen is 3∶7, the optimunm period of the tiller nitrogen is the second and third leaf age after transplanted. Increasing the accumulation of biological-yield between heading stage and maturity stage is the key way to increase the yield of machine-transplanted rice.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Application on Seedling Quality and Grain Yield of Machine Transplanted Double-season Early Rice CHEN Yang-1, CHEN Hui-Zhe-1, ZENG Yan-Hua-1, 2 , ZHU De-Feng-1* 2015, 21(1): 56-59.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (453KB) ( )   Effects of different nitrogen level（0, 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2 g per seedling tray）on seedling quality and grain yield of double early rice zhongjiazao17 and zhongzao39 with machine transplanted were studied. The results showed that progressively higher rates of ammonium sulfate caused a gradual increase in nitrogen content of rice seedlings, but decreased the seedling rate, and N accumulation had a tendency with increasing and then declining, and the maximum value was at N3 treatment. Effects of different N application on seedlings quality were different, the suitable N application could increase rice seedlings quality, the higher influence was obtained in 27 day age seedlings. The yield increased by 7.73% and 24.14% with 1.6 g N application per seedling dish constrast to no nitriogen treatment, which is related to its effective panicles. Considered the seedling quality and grain yield of machine transplanted rice, the N application per seedling dish was suggested from 1.6 to 2.4 g per tray.

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Synergistic Effects of Potential Biocontrol Bacterium H158 Mixed with Fungicides Against the Pathogen of Rice Sheath Blight Rhizoctonia solani ZHOU Ming-Yun-1, 2 , WANG Ai-Juan-3, LIU Lian-Meng-2, HUANG Shi-Wen-2* 2015, 21(1): 60-65.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1370KB) ( )   The toxicities of Jinggangmycin A and boscalid, as well as their mixture, against the pathogen of rice sheath blight Rhizoctonia solani were investigated by using the method of inhibition mycelial growth rate. The results showed that EC50 of Jinggangmycin A and boscalid were 114.0672 mg/L and 0.0569 mg/L, respectively, and EC50 of mixture of Jinggangmycin A and boscalid at rate of 1:100, 1:200, 1:300, and 1:400 were 5.5814 mg/L, 6.8186 mg/L, 5.2672 mg/L and 2.7772 mg/L, respectively. Co-toxicity index of these mix rates were 0.9716, 1.5182, 2.8210, and 6.8325, which means that almost all of the mixtures exhibited synergy effect, except the mix rate of 1∶100 showing additive effect. Boscalid showed little inhibition effect against the bacterium H158 at the concentration as high as 1.6 mg/ml. H158 can only be inhabited by Jinggangmycin A at higher concentration, however mixture of Jinggangmycin A and boscalid showed little inhibition effect against H158, the control efficient of which can be enhanced to more than 90%.

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Effects of Three Line Japonica Hybrid Rice Parents on Rice Quality of Hybrid Combinations in Heilongjiang ZHAO Bei-Ping, ZHENG Fu-Yu, ZHOU Jin-Song, GAO Hong-Ru, SONG Li-Juan, YU Yan-Min 2015, 21(1): 66-68.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (678KB) ( )   Preparationed 100 hybrid combinations used sterile line of 10 three line japonica hybrid rice and 10 restorer lines in Heilongjiang Province, the influence of parents for hybrid combination on milled rice rate, chalky grain rate, chalkiness, gel consistency, amylose content, protein content were analyzed. The results showed that the female coefficient of variation of milled rice rate, gel consistency, protein content were larger than the overall coefficient of variation, the characteristics of hybrid combinations were mainly affected by female parents; the male coefficient of variation of the chalky grain rate, chalkiness and amylose content were larger than the total coefficient of variation, the male parents and the environment affected the percentage of chalky grain of hybrid combinations.  Milled rice rate, gel consistency and protein content was mainly affected by the female parents, the chalkiness degree was mainly affected by environment, the amylose content was affected by both parents and environment.

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Breeding and Experience of  Photosensitive Hybrid Rice Sterile Line HUANG Zong-Hong, LI Yao-Qiu, PANG De-Xiang, HUANG Qiu-Li, LIU Wei, ZHOU Bo, LI Wen, WANG Teng-Jin 2015, 21(1): 69-71.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (379KB) ( )   Breeding utilization of bo A, bo Ⅱ A, bo Ⅲ A were reviewed, and the experience of using photosensitive type hybrid rice sterile lines were summarized. Attention should be paid in photosensitive hybrid rice sterile lines breeding as follows: when making certain strain improvement, should consider other important properties of parents for complementary, avoid common defects; one of the parents should have a photosensitive genes; identification rice quality of sterile lines must start from the low generation.

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Effects of Different Nitrogen Treatments on Yield and Quality of Different Types Japonica Rice WANG Cui-Ling, WEI Zhong-Hua, LIU Qing, CHEN Qi, XU Kun, LIANG Shuang, JI Jing-Jun 2015, 21(1): 72-75.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (392KB) ( )   This paper studied the effects of different nitrogen rates and nitrogen ratios on yield and grain quality of Suijing 4 （panicle weight type cultivar） and Kenjiandao 6 （panicle quantity type cultivar） by using split plot design. The results showed that the highest yield of panicle weight type cultivar is at nitrogen rate 150 kg/hm2 and nitrogen ratio 7∶3, the highest yield of panicle quantity type cultivar is at nitrogen rate 120 kg/hm2 and nitrogen ratio 7∶3. Reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer could improve grain quality, especially cooking and eating quality.  Under this experiment condition, the nitrogen application of 128 kg/hm2 would gain the best grain quality.

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Breeding and Cultivation Techeniques of Hybrid Rice Combination Tianyou 8025 with High Yield and Good Grain Quality ZHAN Xiao-Deng, CHENG Shi-Hua, SHEN Xi-Hong, ZHANG Ying-Xin, CAO Li-Yong-* 2015, 21(1): 76-77,80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (377KB) ( )   Tianyou 8025 is a new indica three-line hybrid rice combination with moderate growth period, thick stem, strong lodging resistance, good coloring in later period, big spike, more grains and high yield. It was bred by China National Rice Research Institute and Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, approved by Zhejiang Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee in 2013. It is suitable for planting as late season rice in Zhejiang province．

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Effects of Different Planting Densities on Population Characteristics and Yield of Nanjing 9108 吕Hong-Fei-1 , ZHANG An-Cun-1, HAN Zheng-Guang-1, QIAO Hong-Mei-1, ZHOU Qing-2, CHEN Ying-1, CHEN Xin-Hong-2* 2015, 21(1): 78-80.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (430KB) ( )   Effects of different machine inserted row spacing （20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm） on population characteristics and yield of late maturity japonica rice Nanjing 9108 were investigated. The results show that tiller number, leaf area index and dry weight of rice with machine inserted row spacing of 20 cm and 25 cm were higher than the row spacing of 30 cm rice before heading, and effective panicles per unit area was significantly higher than that of row spacing of 30 cm, but the grain number per spike, seed setting rate, grain weight were decreased than that of row spacing of 30 cm, the yield of row spacing of 30 cm rice was highest. The comprehensive index with row spacing of 30 cm were better than that of row spacing of 20 cm and 25 cm in Nanjing 9108.

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Study on Machine transplanting Cultivation Techniques of Conventional Early Indica Rice WU Chun-Zan-1, ZHAO Pei-欧2 2015, 21(1): 81-84.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (432KB) ( )   Suitable variety, sowing date, sowing rate, seedling age,planting density and nitrogen application methods of machine transplanting conventional early indica rice were studied in the paper. The suitable cultivation techniques are summarized as follows: choosing high yield and middle maturity varieties such as Zhongjiazao 17, Zhongzao 39, Jiayu 253, sowing seed during March 25th to April 1st with the sowing rate 150~175 g per seeding tray, controlling the seedling age about 20 days in density of 30.0 cm×12.4 cm（2.69×105 hills /hm2）, and nitrogen fertilizer applying of basal, tillering, panicle as 5∶4∶1 or 4∶5∶1.

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Development and Cultivation techniques of A New japonica Rice Variety Nanjing 50 with Good Eating Quality and High Yield CHEN Tao, ZHANG Ya-Dong, ZHU Zhen, ZHAO Qing-Yong, ZHOU Li-Hui, YAO Shu, YU Xin, ZHAO Ling, WANG Cai-Lin-* 2015, 21(1): 85-88.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (541KB) ( )   A new japonica rice variety Nanjing 50 with good eating quality, high yield and multi-resistance was developed from Japanese variety Kantou 194 carrying low-amylose content gene Wx-mq and resistance gene Stv-bi as the male parent to cross with Chinese variety Wujing 13 in Jiangsu province, through the method of mixed pedigree combining with the technology of marker assisted selection. This variety had many high yield characteristics, such as proper height, vigorous growth, strong tillering ability and large spike. Its yield structure for 650 kg/667 m2 should meet these indicators that the number of effective panicles per hectare, grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were 200,000, 140~150, 90%~95% and 25 g respectively. Nanjing 50 had not only good resistance to most of disease including rice blast, stripe virus, sheath blight and bacterial blight, but also had excellent eating quality with low amylose content compared with that of ordinary rice varieties, and it was suitable for commercial development for high-grade quality rice. The variety was released to farmers by Jiangsu Provincial Crop Variety Release Committee in 2013 and could be cultivated in south of Jiangsu Province.

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Breeding and High Yield Cultivation Techniques of a New Two-line Medium Indica Hybrid Rice Combination Huiliangyou 5 YANG Lian-Song, BAI Yi-Song 2015, 21(1): 89-90.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (275KB) ( )   Huiliangyou 5 is a new rice variety with high yield, good grain quality and better adaptability, bred by rice research institute, Anhui academy of agricultural sciences, derived from H175s/hui 8. It was approved by Anhui crop variety approval committee in 2013.

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Breeding and Utilization of Rice Restorer Line Enhui 66 with Fine Quality and Blast Resistance LI Ji-Hui, LI Hong-Sheng, WANG Guang-Jian, YAO Chang-Shun, LI Chun-Yong, HUANG Hai-Qing, DUAN Tai-Pin 2015, 21(1): 91-93.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2015.01.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (408KB) ( )   Enhui 66，an early and medium maturing indica restorer line，is developed by Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences using 006-17（a blast resistance intermediate material，derived from the combination Enhui58/1468F6 by the authors） as male and Shuhui 527 （developed by Sichuan Agricultural University） as famale. It has the characteristics of fine grain quality，blast resistance，strong restoring ability，good combining ability and enough pollen quantity. Zhong 9 You En 66, a new early indica three–line hybrid rice combination, derived from Enhui 66 and Zhong 9A, was registered and released for commercial production by the Crop Variety Appraisal Committee of Hubei Province in April, 2013. Its grain quality is up to the second class of national fine quality rice standards（GB/T 17891-1999）.