中国稻米

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机械侧深施肥对机插早稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响

  1. 中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州 310006
  • 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 朱德峰
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200801);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-22);国家自然科学基金(31501272);中国农业科学院创新工程

Effects of Side Deep Mechanical Fertilization on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Early Rice

  • Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-01-20

摘要:

以甬籼15为材料,在纯氮用量为180 kg/hm2情况下,设置4种施肥处理(FF,普通尿素撒施;DSF,普通尿素机械侧深施;DSFS,普通尿素和缓释尿素混合机械侧深施;N0,不施用氮肥),研究了不同施肥处理对机插早稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,水稻氮素吸收量、有效穗数、穗粒数以及籽粒产量施氮的处理显著高于无氮处理;与FF处理相比,DSF和DSFS处理有效穗数分别增加5.2%和6.4%,穗粒数分别增加5.6%和11.0%,产量分别提高6.3%和11.6%;齐穗期和成熟期,DSF和DSFS处理氮素积累量均显著高于FF处理;DSF和DSFS处理氮肥吸收利用率分别为40.6%和48.0%,比FF处理分别高15.6%和23.0%;与FF处理相比,DSF和DSFS处理的氮素农学利用率分别增加33.3%和62.7%。可见,机械侧深施肥能够显著提高机插早稻产量及氮肥利用率。

关键词: 早稻, 机械侧深施肥, 产量, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of mechanized side deep fertilization on nitrogen utilization and yield formation of early rice Yongxian 15, four nitrogen fertilizer application treatments were adopted in the present study as follows: FF-urea was surface broadcasted manually, DSF-urea was mechanically side fertilized into the 10-cm-depth layer of soil, DSRF-urea and slow release urea were mechanically side fertilized into the 10-cm-depth layer of soil together, N0-no nitrogen fertilizer was applied. The results showed that, compared with the control(N0), the N uptake, effective panicles, grain number per panicle and grain yield of FF, DSF and DSRF were enhanced significantly. Compared with FF, the effective panicles, grain number per panicle and grain yield of DSF were increased by 5.2%, 5.6% and 6.3%, respectively; and which were also increased by 6.4%, 11.0% and 11.6% of DSRF, respectively. At heading stage and maturity stage, N uptake of DSF and DSRF were all higher than FF. Nitrogen recovery efficiency of DSF and DSRF were 40.6% and 48.0%, respectively, and which were 15.6% and 23.0% higher than FF. Compared with FF, nitrogen agronomic use efficiency of DSF and DSRF were increased by 33.6% and 62.7%, respectively. Hence, mechanized side deep fertilization could improve nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of early rice significantly.

Key words: early rice, mechanical side deep fertilization, yield, nitrogen use efficiency

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