中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (5): 66-73.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.05.011

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国水稻百年育种的一些标志性品种

赵健1, 尹合兴1,*(), 朱承祺2, 刘定富3, 方福平4, 沈志成2, 应继锋4,*()   

  1. 1华智生物技术有限公司,长沙410125
    2浙江大学 农业与生物技术学院,杭州 310058
    3武汉金玉良种科技有限公司,武汉 430064
    4中国水稻研究所,杭州 310006
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-29 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2022-09-21
  • 通讯作者: 尹合兴,应继锋
  • 基金资助:
    中国水稻研究所高层次人才创新工程项目

The Most Remarkable Varieties in 100 year's Rice Breeding in China

ZHAO Jian1, YIN Hexin1,*(), ZHU Chengqi2, LIU Dingfu3, FANG Fuping4, SHEN Zhicheng2, YING Jifeng4,*()   

  1. 1Huazhi Biotech Co. Ltd., Changsha 410125, China
    2Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    3Wuhan Colden Seed Co. Ltd., Wuhan 430064, China
    4China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310018, China
  • Received:2022-07-29 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-09-21
  • Contact: YIN Hexin, YING Jifeng

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摘要：

在中国水稻百年育种史上,水稻育种工作者根据不同时代的需求,培育出了一系列的优良品种在生产上推广应用,基本解决了人民的吃饭问题。1919—1949年期间,培育出了我国第1个大面积推广品种中大帽子头,世界上第1个具有野生稻血缘品种并开创国内水稻杂交育种先河的中山1号,以及推广面积最大的改良品种南特号。1950—1979年期间,培育出了以“绿色革命”为标志的矮脚南特、珍珠矮11、广陆矮4号、桂朝2号等为代表的矮秆耐肥的高产水稻品种。1973年以袁隆平领导的全国水稻杂优利用协作组成功实现了籼型杂交水稻的三系配套,开始杂交水稻的产业化应用;此期间培育出了高产杂交水稻品种南优2号,1978年推广面积达到297.9万hm2。1980年以后,育成了常规稻品种浙辐802、杂交水稻品种汕优63、超级两系杂交水稻品种两优培九等。进入21世纪,育成以超级稻品种甬优系列品种、Y两优1号等为代表的高产品种,以中嘉早17为代表的优质高产多功能水稻成为我国稻区的主导品种。展望未来,随着人民生活水平的提高,培育具有健康、环保等特性的优质高产多功能品种将成为水稻育种家的主攻方向。

关键词: 水稻, 育种, 高产, 矮秆品种, 杂交水稻, 超级稻, 优质多功能水稻

Abstract:

In a 100 year's rice breeding, Chinese scientists bred a series of high yielding, multi-resistant pest or disease and good quality rice varieties, which were extended and adopted at different rice producing regions, basically solve the food problem of the China’s people. A three-decade period of 1919 to 1949 was marked by the first large-area-adopted variety of Zhongdamaozi, the first variety Zhongshan 1 crossed with wild rice, and the improved variety Nantehao with the largest promotion area. During the period from 1950 to 1979, high-yield rice varieties with short stalks and fertilizer tolerance, such as Aijiao Nante, Zhenzhu Ai 11, Guanglu Ai 4, and Guichao 2 were developed. In 1973, the three-line matching of indica hybrid rice was successfully realized, a high-yield hybrid rice variety Nanyou 2 was developed, and the industrial application of hybrid rice began. In 1978, the promotion area of hybrid rice reached 2.98 million hm2. After 1980, high-yielding varieties such as the conventional rice variety Zhefu 802, the hybrid rice variety Shanyou 63, the two-line hybrid rice variety Liangyoupeijiu have been bred. Entering the 21st century, high-quality, high-yield and multifunctional rice represented by Zhongjiazao 17, Yongyou series varieties has become the dominant variety in China. Looking forward to the future, with the improvement of people's living standards, cultivating high-quality, high-yield and multi-functional varieties with health and environment kindly characteristics will become the main direction of rice breeding.

Key words: rice, breeding, high yield, dwarf varieties, hybrid rice, super rice, high-quality multifunctional rice

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