不同炭硅处理对水稻抗倒伏特性和产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以越光品种为试验材料，研究了生物炭与硅肥配施对水稻抗倒伏特性、茎秆强度、化学物质含量、酶活性的影响及相互关系。结果表明，花生壳生物炭与硅肥配施显著降低了水稻节长，增加了茎粗，进而降低了水稻的倒伏指数和倒伏面积率，并提高了茎秆中的淀粉、木质素和纤维素含量及木质素关键酶活性。其中，7.5 t/hm²生物炭与45 kg/hm²硅肥基施、叶面喷施0.02%硅肥的处理表现最优，该处理显著增强了越光的抗倒伏性，第1、第2和第3节的倒伏指数分别比对照下降36.42%、30.19%和26.83%，并实现了增产。相关分析表明，水稻的倒伏指数、倒伏面积率与茎秆强度呈极显著负相关；茎秆中淀粉、纤维素和木质素含量与茎秆强度呈显著或极显著正相关，与倒伏指数和倒伏面积率呈显著或极显著负相关；木质素含量与PAL、TAL、4CL和CAD等酶的活性呈显著正相关。研究结果可为优质水稻越光的抗倒伏栽培提供科学依据和技术支持。

关键词: 水稻, 生物炭, 硅肥, 抗倒伏

Abstract:

The effects of the combined application of biochar and silicon fertilizer on rice lodging resistance, stalk strength, chemical substance content and enzyme activity were studied with Koshihikari as the experimental material. The results showed that peanut shell biochar and silicon fertilizer application significantly reduced internode length, increased culm internode diameter, significantly reduced the lodging index and lodging area rate of rice, and improved the starch content, lignin content and cellulose content and lignin key enzyme activities. Among them, 7.5 t/hm² biochar and 45 kg/hm² silicon fertilizer as basal application and foliar spraying 0.02% silicon fertilizer were the optimal carbon-silicon combination application. This treatment significantly enhanced the lodging resistance and yield of Koshihikari, the lodging index of the first, second and third internode decreased by 36.42%, 30.19% and 26.83% respectively compared with the control. Correlation analysis showed that the lodging index and lodging area rate of rice were significantly negatively correlated with the strength of the stem; the starch content, cellulose content, and lignin content in stems were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with stem strength, and significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with lodging index and lodging area rate; the lignin content was significantly positively correlated with the activities of PAL, TAL, 4CL and CAD. The research results could provide scientific basis and technical support for lodging-resistant cultivation of high-quality rice Koshihikari.

Key words: rice, biochar, silicon fertilizer, lodging resistance

中图分类号:

S511.062

吴云艳. 不同炭硅处理对水稻抗倒伏特性和产量的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2022, 28(6): 49-53.

WU Yunyan. Effects of Different Biochar and Silicon Treatments on Lodging Resistance Properties and Yield of Rice[J]. China Rice, 2022, 28(6): 49-53.

图/表 9

表1 不同炭硅处理水稻节长和节粗

图1 不同炭硅处理对水稻茎秆强度的影响

图2 不同炭硅配施处理对水稻倒伏指数和倒伏面积率的影响

表2 茎秆物理性状、强度与倒伏指数、倒伏面积率的关系

表3 不同处理对水稻茎秆化学成分的影响（单位：%）

表4 水稻茎秆化学成分与茎秆强度、倒伏指数和倒伏面积率的相关关系

图3 不同处理PAL、TAL、4CL和CAD活性

表5 木质素关键酶与木质素含量、茎秆强度、倒伏指数和倒伏面积率的关系

表6 不同处理的水稻产量

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