填充改良物条件下打孔密度对苏打盐碱水田耕层改良效果及水稻产量的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.06.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

苏打盐碱地是我国重要的后备耕地资源，但因其土壤理化性质恶劣，种植作物产量低。改良和合理利用苏打盐碱地对于区域农业发展具有重要意义，但改良周期长、难度大、成本高。本研究通过大田试验，设置5个打孔密度，分析了填充改良物条件下不同打孔密度对土壤团聚体结构、pH值、含盐量以及水稻产量的影响。结果表明，与不打孔对照相比，填充改良物条件下打孔处理增加了耕层土壤水稳定性团聚体的含量，降低了耕层土壤pH值和含盐量，增加了水稻的有效穗数和结实率，从而提高了水稻产量。随着打孔密度的增加，耕层土壤改良效果有不同程度的提高，与不打孔对照相比，当打孔密度达到15孔/m²时，耕层土壤中水稳定性团聚体含量提高26.22% ，土壤pH 值下降4.75%，含盐量降低10.16%，水稻的实际产量增加72.57%。继续增加打孔密度，水稻产量有所下降，但与15孔/m²的打孔密度处理差异不显著。综合生产实际和可操作性，打孔密度为15孔/m²或每1 m²的打孔面积为0.12 m²可作为改良中重度苏打盐碱水田水稻种植的合理打孔方案。结果为苏打盐碱水田改良技术创新提供了理论依据。

关键词: 苏打盐碱地, 打孔密度, 水稻, 产量, 土壤改良

Abstract:

Soda saline-alkali soil is an important reserve cultivated land resource in China, but its soil physical and chemical properties are poor and the yield of planted crops is low. The improvement and rational utilization of soda saline-alkali land has a great significance for the development of regional agriculture, but the improvement cycle is long, difficult and costly. In this study, through field experiments, five drilling densities were set up to analyze the effects of different drilling densities on soil aggregate structure, pH value, soil salinity and rice yield under the condition of filling amendments. The results showed that, compared with the control without drilling, the drilling treatment increased the content of soil water-stable aggregates, decreased the pH and salinity in plough layer soil, and increased the effective panicle number and seed setting rate of rice, thereby increased rice yield. With the increase of drilling density, the plough layer soil improvement was improved. Compared with the control without drilling, when the drilling density reached 15 holes/m², the content of water stable aggregates in plough layer soil and rice yield increased by 26.22% and 72.57%, pH value and soil salinity decreased by 4.75% and 10.16%, respectively. Continuing to increase the drilling density, the rice yield decreased, but the difference was not significant with the hole punching density treatment of 15 holes/m². Comprehensive production practice and operability, drilling density of 15 holes/m² or drilling area of 0.12 m² per 1.0 m² can be used as a reasonable drilling plan for improving moderate and severe soda saline-alkali paddy fields. The results provide a theoretical basis for the innovation of soda saline-alkali paddy field improvement technology.

Key words: soda saline-sodic land, drilling density, rice, yield, soil improvement

中图分类号:

S511.04

李帅志, 侯立刚, 刘亮, 马巍, 刘晓亮, 林喆. 填充改良物条件下打孔密度对苏打盐碱水田耕层改良效果及水稻产量的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2022, 28(6): 59-62.

LI Shuaizhi, HOU Ligang, LIU Liang, MA Wei, LIU Xiaoliang, LIN Zhe. Effects of Drilling Density on Plough Layer Improvement and Rice Yield in Saline-sodic Soil[J]. China Rice, 2022, 28(6): 59-62.

图/表 5

图1 不同打孔处理对耕层土壤pH值影响

图2 不同打孔处理对耕层土壤含盐量的影响

表1 不同打孔处理对耕层土壤团聚体的影响（单位：%）

表2 不同打孔处理对水稻产量构成因素的影响

图3 不同打孔处理对水稻实际产量影响

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