秸秆快腐剂对水稻产量和土壤理化特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2022.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究快腐剂对水稻产量、秸秆腐解及土壤理化特性的影响，在秸秆还田条件下设置了5种不同用量的秸秆快腐剂处理（0、0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4 g/pot）试验。结果表明，秸秆腐解数量随快腐剂用量增加而增加，秸秆腐解率以0.4 g/pot的处理最大，较不施快腐剂的处理提高13.0%~18.0%。与不施快腐剂处理相比，添加快腐剂处理的水稻具有较高的每穗粒数和结实率，最终产量显著提高1.3%~11.1%，其中以0.2 g/pot的处理表现最好;施用快腐剂可促进水稻干物质积累，成熟期水稻植株氮素积累量较不施快腐剂的处理显著增加，以0.2 g/pot处理增幅最大;施用快腐剂有助于水稻对土壤有机质、全氮含量和速效养分的吸收利用，提高土壤供肥水平。研究结果对高效利用秸秆资源有借鉴意义。

关键词: 水稻, 秸秆还田, 秸秆快腐剂, 产量, 土壤性状

Abstract:

An experiment was set up to study the effects of five different dosages of straw fast-rot agent treatments （0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g/pot） on rice yield, straw decomposition and soil physicochemical properties under the condition of straw returning field. The results showed that the amount of straw decomposed increased with the increase of the amount of fast-rot agent, and the straw decomposition rate was the largest in the treatment of 0.4 g/pot, which was 13.0%-18.0% higher than that of the treatment without fast-rot agent. Compared with the treatment without fast-rot agent, the yield of the treatment with fast-rot agent was significantly increased by 1.3%-11.1%, and the treatment with 0.2 g/pot performed the best. The yield increased due to higher grains number per panicle and seed setting rate. The application of fast-rot agent could promote the accumulation of dry matter in rice, and the nitrogen accumulation of rice plants at the mature stage increased significantly compared with the treatment without fast-rot agent, and the highest increase was in the treatment of 0.2 g/pot. The application of fast-rot agent could help rice absorb and utilize soil organic matter, total nitrogen content and available nutrients, and improved the level of soil fertilizer supply. The results of this study have reference significance for the efficient utilization of straw resources.

Key words: rice, straw returning to field, straw decay agent, grain yield, soil propertie

中图分类号:

S511.04

韩丽君, 谢昊, 薛张逸, 严管钰彤, 顾骏飞. 秸秆快腐剂对水稻产量和土壤理化特性的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2022, 28(3): 20-25.

HAN Lijun, XIE Hao, XUE Zhangyi, YAN Guanyutong, GU Junfei. Effects of Straw Fast-rot Agent on Rice Yield and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties[J]. China Rice, 2022, 28(3): 20-25.

图/表 8

表1 秸秆快腐剂对水稻产量及其构成因素影响

表2 秸秆快腐剂对水稻干物质质量及作物生长速率的影响

图1 秸秆快腐剂用量对小麦秸秆腐解率的影响

图2 秸秆快腐剂对水稻植株氮素积累量的影响

图3 秸秆快腐剂对水稻土壤全氮含量的影响

图4 秸秆快腐剂对水稻土壤有机质含量的影响

图5 秸秆快腐剂对水稻土壤速效磷、速效钾含量的影响

图6 秸秆快腐剂对水稻土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性的影响

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