微观显微镜技术在稻米品质研究中的应用进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

显微技术（Microscopy）是利用光学系统或电子光学系统设备，观察肉眼无法辨识的微小物体形态结构及其特性的技术，目前已广泛应用于稻米加工、外观、蒸煮与营养品质的研究。本文着重介绍了在稻米品质研究中应用的主要显微镜技术，具体包括透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜以及激光扫描共聚焦显微镜，详细阐述了这些技术的样品制备方法。同时，文章还深入探讨了稻米品质鉴定中观测到的关键微观特性，并系统综述了应用电镜技术在稻米加工、外观、蒸煮食味品质的研究现状。以期推动电子显微镜技术在稻米品质研究中更广泛的应用。

关键词: 水稻, 稻米品质, 电子显微镜, 研究进展

Abstract:

Microscopy is a technique that uses optical or electro-optical systems to observe the morphological structure and properties of tiny objects that cannot be distinguished by the naked eye. It has been widely applied in the research of rice processing, appearance, cooking, and nutritional quality. This article mainly introduced the key microscopy techniques used in rice quality research, including transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and laser scanning confocal microscopy, and elaborates on the sample preparation methods for these techniques. Additionally, the article deeply explored the key microscopic characteristics observed in rice quality identification and systematically reviewed the current research status of electron microscopy techniques in rice processing, appearance, cooking, and taste quality. It aims to promote the wider application of electron microscopy techniques in rice quality research.

Key words: rice, rice quality, electron microscope, research progress

中图分类号:

S511.09

郑希, 戎念杭, 覃金华, 冯向前, 徐春梅, 章秀福, 王丹英, 陈松. 微观显微镜技术在稻米品质研究中的应用进展[J]. 中国稻米, 2025, 31(3): 21-29.

ZHENG Xi, RONG Nianhang, QIN Jinhua, FENG Xiangqian, XU Chunmei, ZHANG Xiufu, WANG Danying, CHEN Song. Progress in the Application of Microscopic Microscopy in Rice Quality Research[J]. China Rice, 2025, 31(3): 21-29.

图/表 7

图1 不同肥料处理下糙米微观表现 A~C分别是氮肥用量由高到低条件下生产的糙米高倍放大图[19]。

图2 生米粒横截面的SEM图像 A：整个米粒的横截面；B~D：A的左、中、右区域的高倍放大图；E和 F：高倍放大图显示了生米粒内层的形态；G~I：SEM-EDS结果分别显示米粒外层（图A中的区域1）、中间（图A中的区域2）和内层（图A中的区域3）的形态结构[17]。

图3 扫描电子显微镜下垩白区（A~C）和非垩白区（D~E）的淀粉颗粒的显微结构

图4 米粒横截面的共聚焦激光扫描显微照片 A~C分别显示米粒外层、中层和内层的横截面；淀粉和蛋白质分别用FITC（绿色）和罗丹明B染色（红色）[17]。

图5 不同留皮度DOM样品表面电子扫描图像[21]

表1 电镜观察在水稻外观品质研究场景中的表现

表2 不同蒸煮加工工艺下籽粒微观表现差异

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