甬优12抽穗动态调查及稻曲病预防适期研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

稻曲病已由次要病害上升为主要病害，对水稻生产危害严重，不但影响产量还降低其品质。稻曲病发生后（出现稻曲球）就很难防治，只能预防不能治疗。适时打药是高效预防稻曲病的关键。本研究结果表明，对籼粳杂交稻甬优12而言，在破口前10~13 d用专化杀菌剂预防1次、破口期再预防1次的处理防治效果最好，穗防效和病情指数防效分别为94.59%和98.33%；仅在破口前10 d或13 d喷1次药预防的处理，穗防效分别为86.95%和87.36%，病情指数防效分别为94.98%和95.99%。鉴于在实际生产中很难准确确定具体哪一天是破口前的第10 d或第13 d，本研究采用水稻生理学性状“叶枕平”（剑叶叶枕与倒数第2叶叶枕持平，或叶枕距为零）界定为最佳打药期，即稻田中1/3~1/2水稻植株处于叶枕平为第1次打药预防稻曲病的适期，第2次打药适期为破口前。

关键词: 水稻, 抽穗期, 稻曲病, 防治适期, 破口期, 甬优12

Abstract:

The dynamic states of flag leaf growth and head sprouting of rice were identified by fixed-point investigation. Rice false smut （RFS）, Ustilaginoidea virens （Cooke） has gone up to a primary rice disease from secondary and caused severe impair to rice production. The RFS not only impacts the yield of rice but also reduces the rice quality. The RFS was very difficult to control when the RFS occurrence（the false smut balls appear）, so the RFS only prevention but could not treat after occurred. When to spray the fungicide was a key factor for achieving the best control effects to RFS. The results of this study indicated that spray fungicide two times at 10 to 13 days before begin heading and at begin heading, could achieve best control effects. The control effects of panicle and disease index were 94.59% and 98.33%, respectively. Or only spray fungicide once at 10 days or 13 days before begin heading for prevention, the control effects were also very good, the control effect of panicle were 86.95% and 87.36%, and disease index were 94.98% and 95.99%, respectively. In consideration of the difficulty to determine the day of which is 10th or 13th day before heading precisely, the physiological character of “the same level of phyllula”（the phyllula of flag leaf and penultimate leaf at the same level） or “zero distance of phyllula”（the phyllula distance of flag leaf and penultimate leaf is zero）of rice was employed in this study to define optimum for spraying fungicide, that is to say when 1/3 to 1/2 of rice plants were at “the same level of phyllula”is the optimum rice growing stage for first time fungicide application, and the second spraying time was before heading stage.

Key words: rice, heading stage, rice false smut, optimum control time, before heading, Yongyou 12

中图分类号:

饶汉宗1,罗华池2,施通武3,李阳4,黄世文5*. 甬优12抽穗动态调查及稻曲病预防适期研究[J]. 中国稻米, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2019.01.018 .

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