中国稻米

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不同栽培模式对沿江平原双季稻周年产量效益和资源利用的影响

  1. 庐江县农业技术推广中心,安徽 庐江 231500
  • 出版日期:2020-07-20 发布日期:2020-07-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新重点专项”(2018YFD03009000;2017YFD03011304);农业农村部2019年绿色高质高效创建项目;安徽省水稻产业竞争力提升科技行动项目

Effects of Different Cultivation Pattern on Grain Yield and Resources Utilization Efficiency in Plain Region along the Yangtze River

  • Online:2020-07-20 Published:2020-07-20

摘要: 基于沿江平原双季稻北缘生态区生态条件,以早籼稻浙辐203和晚粳稻镇稻18为供试材料,设置周年机插、早稻机插晚稻抛栽、周年抛栽和早稻直播晚稻抛栽4种栽培模式组配处理,通过对产量构成、生育特性、积温资源利用、经济效益和粮食生产效率等进行分析,筛选出适宜本生态区域的双季稻周年生产模式。结果表明,周年抛栽模式有效积温利用率最高,达到108.7%,较周年机插、早稻机插晚稻抛栽和早稻直播晚稻抛栽模式显著增产,分别增产5.5%、2.5%和7.21%,周年经济效益分别提高24.6%、11.1%和1.6%。周年机插模式通过高效生产技术的集成应用,周年粮食生产效率最高,分别较早稻机插晚稻抛栽、周年抛栽和早稻直播晚稻抛栽提升了11.9%、43.6%和12.9%。综上,沿江平原双季稻周年抛栽模式实现了最佳经济效益,周年机插模式适宜于劳动力资源短缺背景下的适度规模化生产应用。

关键词: 双季稻, 周年栽培模式, 产量, 效益, 生产效率, 资源利用率

Abstract: In order to explore the suitable cultivation patterns for double-cropping rice in northern marginal area of the Yangtze river,using indica rice variety Zhefu 203 and conventional japonica rice variety Zhendao 18 as the test materials, four cultivation modes were set, including annual mechanical transplanting mode(MTMT), early rice mechanical transplanting + late rice artificial throwing mode(MTAT), annual artificial throwing mode(ATAT), early rice direct sowing + late rice artificial throwing mode(DSAT) . Compared with MTMT, MTAT and ASAT,the yield of ATAT mode increased by 5.5%, 2.5% and 7.21% respectively. The annual economic benefits of ATAT mode increased by 24.6%, 11.1% and 1.6% respectively. Due to the efficient production technology, the grain production efficiency of MTMT mode increased by 11.9%, 43.6% and 12.9% respectively, compared with MTAT, ATAT and DSAT mode. The ATAT mode achieved the best economic benefit, and the MTMT mode is suitable for the moderate scale production application under the background of labor shortage.

Key words: double-cropping rice, annual cultivation pattern, yield, economic benefit, production efficiency, resources use efficiency

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