中国稻米 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 71-78.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.04.013

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

杂交水稻种子生产加工机械化技术的进步与发展

刘爱民(), 唐文帮   

  1. 湖南杂交水稻研究中心,长沙 410125
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-08
  • 作者简介:第一作者:liuaimin67316723@126.com

Advancement and Development of Mechanized Technology in Hybrid Rice Seed Production and Processing

LIU Aimin(), TANG Wenbang   

  1. Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, china

摘要:

基于水稻印刷粘种机、插秧机、无人飞机、谷物烘干机等设备在杂交水稻全程机械化制种中的应用研究,创新集成了一套涵盖父母本精量播种育秧、父母本机插秧、无人机喷施“九二○”、无人机辅助授粉以及种子机械干燥等环节的全程机械化制种技术,并开始推广应用。在深入探究杂交水稻种子粉质化劣变特性的基础上,成功研制出“杂交水稻劣变种子光学分选机”。经过该光学分选机的处理,发生粉质化劣变的杂交种子发芽率可提高约8.0个百分点。此外,还提出应着力研制父本专用割除机、机插秧播种育秧配套机械、专用授粉无人机以及烘干、精选、计量、包装一体化自动化生产线等种子生产加工配套机械,促进杂交水稻制种产业的进一步发展。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 种子, 机械化生产加工技术

Abstract:

Following research into the application of equipment such as rice seed coating and printing machines, rice transplanters, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and grain dryers in the fully mechanized seed production technology of hybrid rice, a set of key technologies for fully mechanized seed production has been innovatively integrated. These technologies encompass processes including precise sowing and seedling raising of parental lines, mechanical transplanting of parental lines, UAV spraying of GA3 (commonly known as‘920’), UAV-assisted pollination, and mechanical drying of seeds, and have undergone preliminary promotion and application. On the basis of in-depth exploration of the chalkiness deterioration characteristics of hybrid rice seeds, we have successfully developed the “Hybrid Rice Chalky-Deteriorated Seed Optical Sorting Machine”. After sorting chalky-deteriorated hybrid seeds using this machine, their germination rate can be increased by approximately 8.0 percentage points. Furthermore, we propose the development of supporting machinery for seed production and processing, such as a male parent-specific cutting machine, seedling raising systems compatible with mechanized transplanting, specialized pollination UAVs, as well as an integrated automated production line for drying, cleaning, weighing, and packaging. This paves the way for the further development of the hybrid rice seed production industry.

Key words: hybrid rice, seeds, mechanized production and processing technology

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