中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 4-8.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.002

• 水稻大面积提产增效 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻大面积提产增效技术集成创新与应用——以广德为例

王亚梁1, 朱德峰1, 申红芳1, 万克江2, 朱晖3, 张均华1, 王丹英1, 符冠富1, 万品俊1, 唐伟1, 陈惠哲1, 李春生1, 徐树仁1,*()   

  1. 1中国水稻研究所，杭州 310006
    2全国农业技术推广服务中心，北京 100125
    3广德市农业技术推广中心，安徽 广德 242299
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-24 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 通讯作者: *xushuren@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国农业科学院所级重大科技任务(CAAS-CNRRI-2025-01)

Rice Yield and Efficiency Large-Scale Improvement Technologies Integration Innovation and Application——Taking Guangde as an Example

WANG Yaliang1, ZHU Defeng1, SHEN Hongfang1, WAN Kejiang2, ZHU Hui3, ZHANG Junhua1, WANG Danying1, FU Guanfu1, WAN Pinjun1, TANG Wei1, CHEN Huizhe1, LI Chunsheng1, XU Shuren1,*()   

  1. 1China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
    2National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
    3Guangde Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Guangde, Anhui 242299, China
  • Received:2025-10-24 Published:2025-11-20 Online:2025-11-07

RichHTML

PDF

摘要：

针对中国水稻大面积单产提升已进入瓶颈期的现状，中国水稻研究所紧扣“藏粮于技”战略，以“整县制推进”为抓手，系统开展了水稻大面积提产增效技术集成与示范。在推进过程中，集成创新了“条播壮秧定苗机插”全域全要素技术模式。该模式以选用优质高产品种为基础，精准条播壮秧培育与基本苗数定量机插为核心技术，同时辅以厚沃耕层构建、精量增效施肥、灌排设施科学配套以及病虫草害综合防治等一系列配套技术。2025年，在安徽省广德市的大面积实践显示，通过广泛推广籼粳杂交稻品种及条播壮秧机插技术，万亩示范片的单产实现显著提升，增幅高达20%以上。应用研究进一步证实，品种的及时更新与技术的集成应用是推动大面积提产增效的有效手段。然而，中低产田的改良、部分地区病害的有效防控、直播稻杂草的科学管理以及小规模种植主体面临的高机插成本等问题，仍有待进一步解决。未来需进一步完善社会化服务体系，配套实施中低产田的改良措施，并集成不同种植方式下的丰产技术，以促进水稻大面积单产的全面提升。

关键词: 水稻, 提产增效, 整县制推进, 技术集成创新

Abstract:

In response to the current bottleneck in large-scale yield improvement of rice in China, the China National Rice Research Institute has closely aligned with the strategy of “storing grain through technology” and systematically carried out technology integration and demonstration for enhancing rice yield and efficiency over large areas, using the “county-wide initiative” promotion as a leverage point. During the course of this work, we have integrated and innovated a comprehensive, all-element technological integration model termed “precision drilling for strong seedling cultivation and fixed-rate mechanical transplanting”. This model is founded on the selection of high-quality and high-yield rice varieties, with precision drilling for robust seedling cultivation and quantitative mechanical transplanting of basic seedling numbers as its core technologies. It is supplemented by a series of supporting technologies, including the construction of fertile plow layers, precision and efficient fertilization, scientific matching of irrigation and drainage facilities, and comprehensive pest and disease control. In 2025, large-scale field trials conducted in Guangde City, Anhui Province, demonstrated a significant yield increase of over 20% in the 10,000-mu(667 m2) demonstration plots through the extensive promotion of indica-japonica hybrid rice varieties and precision drilling-strong seedling mechanical transplanting techniques. The study further confirms that timely variety updates and integrated technology applications are effective means to drive large-scale yield and efficiency improvements. However, issues such as the improvement of medium- and low-yielding fields, effective disease control in certain regions, scientific management of weeds in direct-seeded rice, and the high cost of mechanical transplanting faced by small-scale farmers remain to be addressed. In the future, it is necessary to further refine the socialized service system, implement supporting measures for the improvement of medium- and low-yielding fields, and integrate high-yield technologies for different planting methods to promote a comprehensive increase in large-scale rice yields.

Key words: rice, yield and efficiency improvement, county-wide initiative promotion, technological integration innovation

中图分类号: