Abstract:

In order to simplify the cultivation process of wheat stubble rice and promote efficient return of wheat straw, the broadcasting before the wheat harvest and no-tillage cultivation with wheat straw mulching was studied. The results showed that the seeding time of broadcast wheat stubble rice was delayed 32 days than transplanting rice, the delayed days of each growth period decreased gradually with the development of the growth period, the delayed days of seedling stage, tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage were 31.0 d, 24.7 d, 18.7 d and 12.7 d, respectively. The whole growth stage was shortened 19.3 d. Under broadcasting, the wheat stubble rice has no tillers spikes, compared with transplanting rice, the grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight were increased by 3.36 grains and 0.27 g, and the yield was decreased by 1.6%. Therefore, the broadcast wheat stubble rice cultivation simplified the cultivation process, reduced the production cost and efficient utilization of wheat straw.

Key words: wheat stubble rice, broadcast, wheat straw mulching, no-tillage, growth characteristics

摘要：

为简化麦茬稻栽培流程并促进小麦秸秆有效还田,在小麦收获前,麦茬稻撒播于大田（简称“撒播”,下同）且小麦收获后麦秸覆盖和土壤免耕栽培。结果表明,麦茬稻撒播栽培的播种期较插秧栽培推迟32 d（插秧栽培的育秧期）,各生育期推迟天数随着生育期的发展逐渐减少,即出苗期、分蘖期、抽穗期和成熟期分别推迟31.0 d、24.7 d、18.7 d和12.7 d;全生育期也相应缩短19.3 d。撒播方式下,麦茬稻无分蘖穗,穗粒数和千粒重分别较插秧栽培增加3.36粒和0.27 g,产量仅降低1.60%。可见,麦茬稻撒播栽培方式简化了生产流程、降低了生产成本,并高效利用小麦秸秆。

关键词: 麦茬稻, 撒播, 麦秸覆盖, 免耕, 生育规律