Abstract:

Guangxi stands as one of China’s earliest provinces to conduct hybrid rice breeding research. Over the past five decades, rice breeders in Guangxi have achieved a series of breakthroughs in three-line hybrid rice system development, high-quality breeding, and mechanistic research. Notably, they were the first to select four out of six first-generation restorer lines (Taiyin 1, IR24, IR665, and IR26) for three-line hybrid rice systems. In the 1980s, they pioneered the development of Gui 99, a high-quality strong restorer line utilizing wild rice genetic resources, which became one of China’s three major second-generation restorer lines and contributed to 405 hybrid rice combinations. Since the new millennium, Guangxi has taken the lead in breeding national premium rice standard-compliant varieties such as Qiuyou 1025, Meiyou 998, and Baiyou 838, which have become mainstay varieties across South China and the country. In recent years, the province has developed aromatic premium hybrid rice varieties like Yexiangyou Lisi and Youxiangyou Simiao, establishing benchmarks for high-end aromatic indica hybrid rice in China. These varieties have repeatedly won gold medals in national rice quality evaluations, securing the highest number of awards nationwide. The region has also cloned novel genes like OsMKK3 and GNP12 related to grain morphology and chalkiness, elucidating the molecular basis of aromatic hybrid rice quality formation. Over five decades, Guangxi has bred 1,187 hybrid rice varieties, with cumulative promotion exceeding 40.81 million hectares nationwide and in ASEAN countries, significantly advancing China’s hybrid rice technology, particularly in premium quality breeding. Looking ahead, Guangxi’s hybrid rice breeding will align with industrial demands, leverage regional advantages, and innovate breeding objectives focusing on “aroma, softness, and superior quality; yield potential, stress resistance, and aesthetic appeal.” Through multi-trait collaborative improvement breeding techniques, the province will prioritize developing new aromatic premium indica hybrid rice varieties to meet diversified market demands for high-end aromatic premium rice.

Key words: hybrid rice, rice quality, high-quality, breeding, Guangxi

摘要：

广西是我国最早开展杂交水稻育种研究的省（区）之一，50年来，广西水稻育种工作者在杂交水稻三系配套、优质化育种及机理解析等方面取得了系列突破性成就。在三系杂交水稻配套中最早筛选出6个一代恢复系中的4个（泰引1号、IR24、IR665和IR26），上世纪80年代，在国内首次利用野生稻血缘育成优质强恢复系桂99，以之配组育成的杂交水稻品种达405个，成为全国第二代三大恢复系之一；进入21世纪以来，率先育成达国标优质米标准的秋优1025、美优998、百优838等系列优质杂交水稻品种，成为华南稻区乃至全国优质杂交水稻主推品种；近年来育成的以野香优莉丝、又香优丝苗等为代表的香型优质杂交水稻品种成为全国高档香型优质杂交籼稻标杆，多次获全国优质稻食味品质鉴评金奖，获奖数量居全国首位；克隆了OsMKK3、GNP12等粒型和垩白新基因并阐述了香型杂交水稻品质形成的分子基础。50年来，广西共育成杂交水稻品种1 187个，在全国乃至东盟国家累计推广应用超过4 081.00万hm²，为推动我国杂交水稻科技进步尤其是杂交水稻优质化育种进程作出了重要贡献。展望未来，广西杂交水稻育种将面向产业需求，突出特色优势，创新“香软优、丰抗美”育种目标，创建“一增、二提、三降”育种方法，采用多性状协同改良育种技术，重点培育香型优质杂交籼稻新品种，以满足消费者和市场对高档香型优质稻米的多元化需求。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 稻米品质, 优质化, 育种, 广西