Abstract:

Huahui 5438 is an indica rice restorer line developed in 2011 through pedigree breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS). It was derived from a complex cross involving the blast-resistant parent Huazhan (female), the resistant resource Gumei 4 (male), and the heat-tolerant, lodging-resistant, large-panicle restorer line R608. The line exhibits high combining ability, strong restorer capability, and moderate resistance to rice blast. Whole-genome resequencing analysis revealed that Huahui 5438 contains approximately 10.47% japonica ancestry and 0.35% early-season indica ancestry, providing valuable genetic material for exploiting both indica-japonica and early-late ecotype heterosis. Following the principle of “matching dominant populations, complementing resistance genes, and coordinating quality genes,” Huahui 5438 was used as a male parent to develop a series hybrid rice combinations characterized by high yield, disease resistance, superior grain quality, lodging resistance, and wide adaptability. Among them, 11 varieties have been approved by national or provincial authorities. This paper systematically reviews the breeding process, agronomic and genetic characteristics, and utilization performance of Huahui 5438, highlighting the pivotal role of molecular breeding in the development of elite restorer lines and hybrid rice varieties.

Key words: hybrid rice, restorer line, Huahui 5438, indica-japonica genetic background, high combining ability, rice blast resistance

摘要：

华恢 5438 是以强配合力抗稻瘟病恢复系华占为母本、抗稻瘟病资源谷梅 4 号为父本杂交，再与耐热抗倒大穗恢复系 R608 复交，融合分子标记辅助选择与常规育种手段，于 2011 年选育而成的籼型恢复系，具有配合力与恢复力突出、中抗稻瘟病等特性。全基因组重测序显示，该恢复系含 10.47% 粳稻血缘、0.35% 早籼血缘，为挖掘早晚生态型、籼粳亚种双重杂种优势提供遗传材料。遵循 “优势种群匹配、抗性基因互补、品质基因协同” 分子配组思路，以华恢 5438 为父本组配出一批高产、抗病、优质、耐肥抗倒、广适杂交稻，其中 11 个品种通过国家或省级审定。本文系统阐述华恢 5438 选育流程、农艺与遗传特征及配组利用效果，明确分子生物育种在骨干恢复系创制、优良杂交稻培育中的支撑作用。

关键词: 杂交水稻, 恢复系, 华恢5438, 籼粳遗传背景, 高配合力, 稻瘟病抗性