Abstract:

This study aims to explore the effects of different irrigation amounts and planting densities on the yield, water consumption, and water use efficiency of rice under film drip irrigation, and to determine the optimal combination of irrigation amount and planting density that can synergistically increase yield and water use efficiency. A split-zone design method was used, with the main treatment being the irrigation amount, set at three levels: 750.0 mm (W1), 975.0 mm (W2), and 1200.0 mm (W3); and the sub-treatment being the planting density, set at three levels: 364 000 hills/hm² (D1), 444 000 hills/hm²(D2), and 571 000 hills/hm²(D3). The results showed that rice yield, water consumption, and water use efficiency were all affected by irrigation levels, planting density, and their interactive effects. In terms of yield, the treatments of W2 and W3 had similar yields, which were significantly higher than W1 by 35.66% and 36.86%, respectively. Compared to D1 and D2 treatments, the yield of D3 treatment was significantly increased by 60.54% and 12.79%, respectively. High-density planting combined with medium to high irrigation amounts (W2D3 and W3D3 treatments) could result in higher rice yields. Water consumption of W2 treatment was significantly increased by 26.69% compared to W1 treatment, but was significantly decreased by 17.13% compared to W3 treatment. Although D3 treatment had the highest water consumption, it was only 1.63% and 1.47% higher than D1 and D2 treatments, respectively. The treatments of W3D1, W3D2, and W3D3 had higher water consumption, indicating that irrigation amount is the main factor affecting rice water consumption. The water use efficiency of W2 treatment was 4.02 kg/(hm²·mm), which was 6.91% and 20.00% higher than W1 and W3 treatments, respectively. The water use efficiency of D3 treatment was 4.31 kg/(hm²·mm), which was 52.30% and 8.02% higher than D1 and D2 treatments respectively. Among all treatment combinations, W1D2, W2D3, and W3D3 treatments had the highest water use efficiency, with values of 4.45, 4.87, and 4.41 kg/(hm²·mm), respectively. When the irrigation amount was 975.00 mm and the planting density was 571 000 hills/hm², both rice yield and water use efficiency reached a high level.

Key words: film mulching drip irrigation rice, planting density, irrigation amount, water consumption, yield, water use efficiency

摘要：

本研究旨在探讨不同灌水量与种植密度对膜下滴灌水稻产量、耗水量及水分利用效率的影响，并确定能够协同提升产量与水分利用效率的最佳灌水量与种植密度组合。采用裂区设计方法，主处理为灌水量，设750.00 mm（W1）、975.00 mm（W2）、1200.00 mm（W3）3个水平；副处理为种植密度，设36.40万穴/hm²（D1）、44.40万穴/hm²（D2）、57.10万穴/hm²（D3）3个水平。研究结果显示，水稻的产量、耗水量和水分利用效率均受到灌溉水平、种植密度及其交互作用的影响。在产量方面，W2和W3处理的产量相近，其比W1处理分别显著提高35.66%和36.86%。与D1和D2处理相比，D3处理的产量显著提高60.54%和12.79%。高密度种植与中高灌水量结合（W2D3和W3D3处理）能够使水稻获得更高的产量。在耗水量方面，W2处理比W1处理显著增加26.69%，但比W3处理显著降低17.13%。尽管D3处理的耗水量最高，但仅比D1和D2处理分别增加1.63%和1.47%。W3D1、W3D2、W3D3处理的耗水量较高，表明灌水量是影响水稻耗水量的主要因素。在水分利用效率方面，W2处理的水分利用效率为4.02 kg/（hm²·mm），比W1和W3处理分别提高6.91%和20.00%； D3处理的水分利用效率为4.31 kg/（hm²·mm），比D1和D2处理分别提高52.30%和8.02%。在各处理组合中，W1D2、W2D3、W3D3的水分利用效率较高，分别为4.45、4.87和4.41 kg/（hm²·mm）。综合考虑水稻的增产和节水效果，灌水量为975.00 mm、种植密度为57.10万穴/hm²时，水稻产量和水分利用效率均达到较高水平。

关键词: 膜下滴灌水稻, 种植密度, 灌水量, 耗水量, 产量, 水分利用效率