近年我国水稻分子生物学研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2023.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

综述了2020—2022年我国水稻分子生物学研究上的重要进展，简要比较了国内外的研究进展差异，提出了研究趋势和展望。近3年来，我国开发了水稻泛基因组、用于QTN聚合和育种路线优化的基因组导航系统RiceNavi，构建了目前植物中群体规模最大的、基因组充分注释的稻属超级泛基因组；鉴定到多个氮高效基因，研究了氮高效的分子机制，一些基因的表达可使实验条件下水稻产量大幅增加；在水稻广谱抗性、温度反应、抗盐碱耐逆机制研究上亦取得明显的进展；基因编辑上，建立了新型多核苷酸靶向删除系统AFIDs（APOBEC-Cas9 fusion-induced deletion systems），成功在水稻和小麦基因组中实现了精准、可预测的多核苷酸删除，利用 CRISPR/Cas9 技术，基因编辑出许多实用的新材料；新基因编辑的水稻无融合生殖材料Fix2 (Fixation of hybrids 2)结实率从原来的3.2%提高至82.0%；敲除水稻同源基因GS3/AT1的水稻材料田间能增产约22.4%。

关键词: 水稻, 逆境生物学, 氮高效, 泛基因组

Abstract:

The paper overall reviewed the research progress of rice molecular biology in 2020-2022 in China, briefly comparied the research difference in China and abroad, prospected the research trend and direction. In recent 3 years, a rice pangenome and genome navigation system, RiceNavi,has been developed for QTN polymerizationand breeding route optimization. The Oryza super pangenome with the largest population size in plantsand fully annotated genomes has been constructed. Several nitrogen efficient genes have been identified and their molecular mechanism of nitrogen efficiency has been dissected. Expression of some genes can significantly increase rice yield under experimental conditions. Significant progress has also been made in the mechanism research of rice broad-spectrum disease resistance, temperature response, and salt-alkali resistance. In gene editing, a new polynucleotide targeted deletion system AFIDs (APOBEC-Cas9 fusion induced deletion systems) has been established, successfully achieving accurate and predictable polynucleotide deletion in rice and wheat genomes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,gene editing has produced many practical new materials. The rice apomixis material Fix2 (Fixation of hybrids 2) edited by a new gene increased the seed setting rate from 3.2% to 82%. The rice material knocked out the homologous gene GS3/AT1 can increase yield by about 22.4% in the field.

Key words: rice, adversity biology, high nitrogen efficiency, pangenome

中图分类号:

S511

崔元江, 吕阳, 胡海涛, 吴世强, 郭龙彪. 近年我国水稻分子生物学研究进展[J]. 中国稻米, 2023, 29(6): 10-15.

CUI Yuanjiang, LV Yang, HU Haitao, WU Shiqiang, GUO Longbiao. Research Progress and Prospect in Molecular Biology of Rice in China in recent Years[J]. China Rice, 2023, 29(6): 10-15.

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