中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 55-59.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.06.009

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

施用菌渣对水稻产量、直链淀粉和氨基酸含量的影响

张发丽1(), 王沁2, 曾涛2, 蒋明金3, 何志旺1, 张恒栋1,*()   

  1. 1黔西南州农业林业科学研究院，贵州 兴义 562400
    2贵州省农业技术推广总站，贵阳 550001
    3贵州省农业科学院 水稻研究所，贵阳 550006
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-12 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-11-19
  • 通讯作者: *zhangliang870306@126.com
  • 作者简介:zfl2007717@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金 “基于碳氮代谢解析杂交籼稻高产与优良食味协同形成的生理机制”(32160505);贵州省本级绿色粮油专项“菌渣及氮肥互作对水稻产量和品质影响研究及推广应用示范”(S-2023-008);贵州省水稻现代农业产业技术体系——黔西南综合试验站项目(GZSDCYTX2024-08);贵州省基础研究（自然科学）项目 “基于淀粉精细结构解析稻米蒸煮食味品质形成及劣化的生理机制研究”(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般176);贵州省农业科学院国家自然科学基金后补助项目 “基于碳氮代谢解析杂交籼稻高产与优良食味协同形成的生理机制”(黔农科院国基后补助[2022]04号)

Study on the Effects of Mushroom Residue Application on Amylose and Amino Acid Content of Rice

ZHANG Fali1(), WANG Qin2, ZENG Tao2, JIANG Mingjin3, HE Zhiwang1, ZHANG Hengdong1,*()   

  1. 1Southwest Guizhou Institute of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Xingyi, Guizhou 562400, China
    2Guizhou Ceneral Station of Agricultural Technology Extension, Guiyang, 550001, China
    3Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, 550006, China

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摘要：

废弃菌渣是一种可循环利用的资源。以杂交籼稻品种晶两优534和籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540为材料，在相同氮肥用量（180 kg/hm2）下，设置4个菌渣施用量处理（B0，不施用；B1，施用量1.5万棒/hm2；B2，施用量3.0万棒/hm2；B3，施用量4.5万棒/hm2），研究不同菌渣施用量对水稻产量、稻米直链淀粉和氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明，增施菌渣有利于水稻产量提高，但增产不显著；B3处理下两品种稻米直链淀粉含量比B0处理显著增加14.92%~16.74%，氨基酸总含量、必需氨基酸含量、16种组分氨基酸含量分别显著降低67.68%~75.51%、63.73%~75.21%和16.93%~84.20%。与B0处理相比，B1和B2处理下晶两优534稻米直链淀粉含量略有降低，但稻米总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和除蛋氨酸外的15种组分氨基酸含量分别显著增加78.43%~100.29%、64.96%~87.18%和14.23%~315.73%；而B1和B2处理下甬优1540稻米直链淀粉含量比B0显著提高26.61%~27.64%，稻米总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和除蛋氨酸外的15种组分氨基酸含量分别显著降低36.59%~53.46%、34.23%~51.01%和3.78%~68.25%。可见，施氮量为180 kg/hm2时，增施菌渣对水稻产量影响不显著，过多的菌渣施用（B3）会造成稻米直链淀粉含量升高和氨基酸含量降低，菌渣施用量不高于3.0万棒/hm2时有利于籼稻稻米品质提升。

关键词: 水稻, 菌渣, 直链淀粉含量, 氨基酸含量

Abstract:

Waste mushroom residue is a kind of recyclable resource. Four application amounts of mushroom residue (B0, 0; B1, 15 000 bar/hm2; B2, 30 000 bar/hm2; B3, 45 000 bar/hm2) were designed to study the effects of grain yields, amylose and amino acid contents of Jingliangyou 534 (an indica hybrid rice variety) and Yongyou 1540 (an indica-japonica hybrid rice variety). The results showed that, under the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer, compared with B0 treatment, the amylose content of Jingliangyou 534 and Yongyou 1540 of B3 treatment were 14.92%-16.74% higher and the amino acid content, essential amino acid content and amino acid content of 16 components of were 67.68%-75.51%, 63.73%-75.21% and 16.93%-84.20% lower, respectively, and the differences were significantly. Compared with B0 treatment, the amylose content of Jingliangyou 534 of B1 and B2 treatments slightly decreased and the amino acid content, essential amino acid content and amino acid content of 15 components except methionine increased by 78.43%-100.29%、64.96%-87.18% and 14.23%-315.73%, respectively, and the differences were significant. Compared with B0 treatment, the amylose content of Yongyou 1540 of B1 and B2 treatments increased by 26.61%-27.64%, the amino acid content, essential amino acid content and amino acid content of 15 components except methionine decreased by 36.59%-53.46%, 34.23-50.74% and 3.78%-68.25%, respectively. Therefore, when the nitrogen application rate was 180 kg/hm2, there was no significant effect to grain yield by increasing bacterial residue, excessive amount of mushroom residue application (B3) will cause the increase of amylose content and the decrease of amino acid content in rice. The application amount of mushroom residue not exceeding 30 000 bar/hm2 is beneficial for improving rice quality.

Key words: rice, mushroom residue, amylose content, amino acid content

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