干旱胁迫下水杨酸对不同耐旱性水稻品种生长和生理特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.01.004

中国稻米 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 27-34.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.01.004

干旱胁迫下水杨酸对不同耐旱性水稻品种生长和生理特性的影响

刘晴¹(), 孙露宏², 高世伟¹, 刘宇强¹, 常汇琳¹, 马成¹, 王婧泽¹, 王翠玲³, 聂守军¹^,^*()

¹黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院，黑龙江绥化 152000
²桦川县农产品质量检测中心，黑龙江桦川 154000
³黑龙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全研究所，哈尔滨 150000

收稿日期:2024-02-26 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-01-13
通讯作者: *nsj-0821@163.com
作者简介:
第一作者：285394703@qq.com
基金资助:
黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业科技基础创新优青项目(CX22YQ25);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2022-1-A003);黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院科技创新项目(SHFY2022-01);政府间国际科技创新合作(2022YFE0117800-4);黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程重大需求科技创新科技攻关项目(CX23ZD02);黑龙江省水稻现代农业产业技术协同创新推广体系;黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2021C092)

Effects of Salicylic Acid on Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Different Drought Tolerance Rice Varieties under Drought Stress

LIU Qing¹(), SUN Luhong², GAO Shiwei¹, LIU Yuqiang¹, CHANG Huilin¹, MA Cheng¹, WANG Jingze¹, WANG Cuiling³, NIE Shoujun¹^,^*()

¹Suihua Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Suihua, Heilongjiang 152000, China
²Huachuan County Agricultural Products Quality Inspection Centre, Huachuan, Heilongjiang 154000, China
³Quality and Safety Institute of Agricultural Products, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150000, China

Received:2024-02-26 Published:2025-01-20 Online:2025-01-13
About author:
1st author: 285394703@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全世界约三分之一的耕地易受干旱影响，从而导致粮食作物产量下降。本研究选取常规粳稻绥粳309（耐旱型）和绥粳318（敏旱型）作为试验品种，基于4种水平的干旱胁迫条件，设置不喷施水杨酸和叶面喷施水杨酸（浓度为100 mg/L）2种处理，测定和分析了这2个品种在不同处理下的生长形态、生理生化、氧化特性、营养物质和产量等指标。结果表明，干旱胁迫导致水稻叶片水分和气体交换参数下降；干旱胁迫加剧了水稻氧化损伤，具体表现为植株丙二醛和过氧化氢含量上升，活性氧产生增加，水稻组织中钠离子含量升高。叶面喷洒水杨酸后，由于过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶、过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶等抗氧化酶活性增强，水稻氧化损伤程度减轻。干旱胁迫导致水稻抗坏血酸含量、总可溶性蛋白质含量、总可溶性糖含量、总可溶性酚含量、脯氨酸含量、花青素含量、水杨酸含量和α-淀粉酶活性均有所下降，但叶面喷施水杨酸后这些物质的含量或活性均得到不同程度提高。叶面喷施水杨酸不仅能够提高水稻的生物量和新陈代谢活动，还能够消除干旱胁迫所带来的毒性效应，提升水稻抗氧化能力，改善水稻营养状况，进而提高水稻产量。耐旱型品种对干旱胁迫的承受能力比敏旱型品种好。

关键词: 水稻, 水杨酸, 干旱胁迫, 氧化损伤, 产量

Abstract:

About one-third of the world’s arable land is susceptible to drought, leading to a decrease in the yield of grain crops. This study selected conventional japonica rice varieties Suijing 309 (drought-tolerant type) and Suijing 318 (drought-sensitive type) as experimental varieties. Based on four levels of drought stress conditions, two treatments were set up with no salicylic acid spraying and foliar spraying of salicylic acid (concentration of 100 mg/L). The growth morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, oxidative characteristics, nutrients, and yield of the two varieties under different treatments were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that drought stress decreased the water and gas exchange parameters in rice leaves. Drought stress exacerbated oxidative damage to rice characterized by an increase in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, an increase in reactive oxygen species production, and a rise in sodiumion content in rice tissues. Foliar spraying with salicylic acid enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, ascorbic acid peroxidase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and reduced the degree of oxidative damage in rice. Drought stress reduced the ascorbic acid content, total soluble protein content, total soluble sugar content, total soluble phenol content, proline content, anthocyanin content, salicylic acid content and α-amylase activity, whereas these substance all increased after foliar spraying with salicylic acid. Foliar spraying of salicylic acid not only improved the rice biomass and metabolic activities but also eliminated the toxic effects brought by drought stress, enhanced the antioxidant capacity and improved rice nutritional status, and thereby increased rice yield. Drought-tolerant varieties have a better ability to drought stress than drought-sensitive varieties.

Key words: rice, salicylic acid, drought stress, oxidative damage, yield

中图分类号:

S511.05

刘晴, 孙露宏, 高世伟, 刘宇强, 常汇琳, 马成, 王婧泽, 王翠玲, 聂守军. 干旱胁迫下水杨酸对不同耐旱性水稻品种生长和生理特性的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2025, 31(1): 27-34.

LIU Qing, SUN Luhong, GAO Shiwei, LIU Yuqiang, CHANG Huilin, MA Cheng, WANG Jingze, WANG Cuiling, NIE Shoujun. Effects of Salicylic Acid on Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Different Drought Tolerance Rice Varieties under Drought Stress[J]. China Rice, 2025, 31(1): 27-34.

图/表 7

表1 干旱胁迫下喷施SA对水稻生长和叶绿素含量的影响

表2 干旱胁迫下喷施SA对水稻气体交换参数的影响

表3 干旱胁迫下喷施SA对水稻氧化特性的影响

表4 干旱胁迫下喷施SA对水稻生化特性的影响

图1 不同干旱胁迫下喷施SA对水稻抗氧化酶活性的影响

表5 干旱胁迫下喷施SA对水稻营养物质含量的影响

图2 干旱胁迫下喷施SA对水稻产量的影响

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干旱胁迫下水杨酸对不同耐旱性水稻品种生长和生理特性的影响

Effects of Salicylic Acid on Growth and Physiological Characteristics in Different Drought Tolerance Rice Varieties under Drought Stress

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