云南水稻种质资源的遗传多样性与米糠脂质特性检测分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过SSR分子标记技术对27份来自云南为主的国内水稻种质资源开展了遗传多样性分析，在遗传系数0.66和0.78处可将材料划分为4个大类群和9个小亚群，并依此调查比较了参试水稻品种的重要农艺性状。在此基础上，筛选出遗传差异较高、农艺性状表现较佳的7份云南水稻材料，重点分析了其稻米品质和米糠脂质特性。结果表明，棕榈酸（C16:0）、油酸（C18:1）和亚油酸（C18:2）是米糠脂质的主要脂肪酸成分，籽粒总蛋白质含量和总淀粉含量均与米糠的总脂质含量呈显著负相关关系，同时与米糠的C18脂肪酸（如硬脂酸、油酸）存在显著相关性（p<0.05），但米糠自身的脂质代谢则表现出了一定的独立性。综合遗传、农艺和品质性状评价，筛选出籼稻品种滇谷163具有较高的米糠油开发潜力。

关键词: 水稻, 种质资源, SSR, 米糠, 脂质

Abstract:

The genetic diversity of 27 domestic rice materials was studied through the SSR molecular marker technology. Four large groups and nine small subgroups were clustered at two genetic coefficients 0.66 and 0.78, respectively, after which the agronomic traits of the rice materials were investigated and compared accordingly. Then, a total of 7 rice varieties from Yunnan Province with significant genetic variations and favorable agronomic trait performances were selected for the grain quality and rice bran lipid characteristics analysis. The results showed that palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) remain the major fatty acid compositions of the rice bran lipid, and a significantly negative correlation relationship was found between the rice grain protein content and starch content with the rice bran lipid content, as well as the positive correlation with the rice bran C18 fatty acids (e.g. stearic acid and oleic acid) (p<0.05), but the rice bran lipid metabolism still demonstrated relatively high independence. Based on the comprehensive genetic, quality and agronomic trait assessment, the indica rice variety Diangu 163 was thereafter identified to harbor good potentials for the rice bran oil development.

Key words: rice, germplasm resources, SSR, rice bran, lipid

中图分类号:

S511.024

苏仙月, 蒋恬毅, 普雪, 蒋志豪, 刘涛, 文建成, 李丹丹, 徐笑宇. 云南水稻种质资源的遗传多样性与米糠脂质特性检测分析[J]. 中国稻米, 2024, 30(6): 66-73.

SU Xianyue, JIANG Tianyi, PU Xue, JIANG Zhihao, LIU Tao, WEN Jiancheng, LI Dandan, XU Xiaoyu. Genetic Diversity of Yunnan Rice Germplasm Resources and Detection and Analysis of Rice Bran Lipid Characteristics[J]. China Rice, 2024, 30(6): 66-73.

图/表 7

表1 筛选出的10对SSR引物

图1 基于 SSR分子标记的遗传聚类分析

表2 29份水稻材料的农艺性状表型比较

图2 29份水稻材料的农艺性状相关性分析（A）和主成分分析（B） *表示相关性显著（P<0.05）。

图3 9份水稻材料的籽粒品质分析比较 A，总淀粉含量；B，直链淀粉含量；C，总蛋白质含量；D，总脂质含量；“*”、“**”和“***”表示样本间在统计学上差异显著（p<0.05）、极显著（p<0.01）和极其显著（p<0.001）。

表3 9份水稻材料的米糠脂肪酸组成与总脂质含量比较

图4 水稻籽粒主要品质与米糠脂质特性的相关性分析（p<0.05） MUFA（monounsaturated fatty acids），即所有单不饱和脂肪酸的%总和，由C14:1、C16:1、C18:1组成；PUFA（polyunsaturated fatty acids），即所有多不饱和脂肪酸的%总和，由C18:2和C18:3组成；SFA（saturated fatty acids），即所有饱和脂肪酸的%总和，包括C14:0、C16:0、C18:0、C20:0 。

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