纳米碳对水稻根际镉形态及微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.05.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究纳米碳影响水稻镉（Cd）吸收及根际土壤微生物群落结构的机制，以水稻品种日本晴为供试材料，设置6个盆栽处理，分别为对照（CK）、羧基化单壁碳纳米管（T_SW）、羧基化多壁碳纳米管（T_MW）、镉处理（T_Cd）、镉+羧基化单壁碳纳米管（T_Cd+SW）、镉+羧基化多壁碳纳米管（T_Cd+MW）。测定水稻体内Cd含量、根际土壤不同形态Cd含量，以及根际土壤细菌、真菌群落结构。结果表明，与T_Cd处理相比，T_Cd+SW和T_Cd+MW处理显著增加水稻体内Cd积累量，其中T_Cd+SW处理使根、茎、叶Cd含量分别增加114.19%、65.84%、195.04%，T_Cd+MW处理则分别增加231.46%、205.59%、509.17%。根际土壤Cd形态分析显示，T_Cd+SW处理可交换态Cd含量较T_Cd处理提高16.80%；T_Cd+MW处理总Cd和可交换态Cd含量较T_Cd处理分别提高9.63%和45.73%。微生物群落分析表明，T_Cd处理与CK间土壤细菌α多样性无显著差异，而T_Cd处理显著提升真菌α多样性。与T_Cd处理相比，T_Cd+MW处理显著降低土壤细菌和真菌α多样性，及促生菌假单胞菌丰度，同时增加与Cd活化相关的放线菌门及重金属耐受真菌子囊菌门丰度；T_Cd+SW处理仅显著降低细菌α多样性，且降低黏球菌门和蓝藻菌丰度。研究发现，土壤可交换态Cd是影响根际土壤微生物群落结构变化的主要因素。综上，羧基化多壁碳纳米管可通过提高根际土壤可交换态Cd含量，促进水稻对Cd的吸收积累，同时改变根际土壤微生物群落结构，使群落结构向加重Cd毒害的方向演变；羧基化单壁碳纳米管对水稻Cd吸收及微生物群落结构的影响相对较弱。

关键词: 纳米碳, 镉, 水稻根际土, 细菌, 真菌

Abstract:

To investigate the mechanism by which nanocarbon affects cadmium uptake in rice and the structure of rhizosphere soil microbial communities, the rice cultivar ‘Nipponbare’ was used as the test material. Six pot treatments were established: control (CK), carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (T_SW), carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (T_MW), cadmium treatment (T_Cd), cadmium combined with carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (T_Cd+SW), and cadmium combined with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (T_Cd+MW). The cadmium content in rice tissues, the concentrations of different cadmium fractions in rhizosphere soil, and the structures of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil were determined. The results showed that compared with the T_Cd treatment, both the T_Cd+SW and T_Cd+MW treatments significantly increased cadmium accumulation in rice. Specifically, the T_Cd+SW treatment increased cadmium contents in roots, stems, and leaves by 114.19%, 65.84%, and 195.04%, respectively; the T_Cd+MW treatment increased these values by 231.46%, 205.59%, and 509.17%, respectively. Analysis of cadmium fractions in rhizosphere soil revealed that the exchangeable cadmium content under the T_Cd+SW treatment was 16.80% higher than that under the T_Cd treatment. Under the T_Cd+MW treatment, total cadmium and exchangeable cadmium contents were increased by 9.63% and 45.73%, respectively, compared with the T_Cd treatment. Microbial community analysis indicated no significant difference in soil bacterial α-diversity between the T_Cd treatment and CK, whereas the T_Cd treatment significantly enhanced fungal α-diversity. Compared with the T_Cd treatment, the T_Cd+MW treatment significantly reduced both bacterial and fungal α-diversity, significantly decreased the abundance of the plant-growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas, and concurrently increased the abundance of the cadmium-activating phylum Actinobacteria and the heavy-metal-tolerant fungal phylum Ascomycota. The T_Cd+SW treatment only significantly reduced bacterial α-diversity and decreased the abundances of Myxococcota and Cyanobacteria. The study found that soil exchangeable cadmium was the primary factor driving changes in the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure. In summary, carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes can promote cadmium uptake and accumulation in rice by increasing the exchangeable cadmium content in rhizosphere soil, while also altering the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure toward a direction that exacerbates cadmium toxicity. In contrast, carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes exert relatively weaker effects on cadmium uptake in rice and the structure of the rhizosphere microbial community.

Key words: nano carbon, cadmium, rice rhizosphere soil, bacteria, fungus

中图分类号:

S511.062

王航风, 朱春权, 徐青山, 孔亚丽, 李尚攀, 迟春欣, 朱练峰, 曹小闯, 田文昊, 李巧玲, 李敬王, 张均华, 邵继锋. 纳米碳对水稻根际镉形态及微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2026, 32(5): 22-29.

WANG Hangfeng, ZHU Chunquan, XU Qingshan, KONG Yali, LI Shangpan, CHI Chunxin, ZHU Lianfeng, CAO Xiaochuang, TIAN Wenhao, LI Qiaoling, LI Jingwang, ZHANG Junhua, SHAO Jifeng. Effects of Nano Carbon on Cadmium Morphology and Microbial Community Structure in Rice Rhizosphere[J]. China Rice, 2026, 32(5): 22-29.

图/表 7

图1 不同处理下水稻根（a）、茎（b）、叶（c）中Cd含量图柱上不同小写字母表示处理间差异在0.05水平显著；数值为“平均值±标准偏差”（n=3）。下同。

图2 不同处理下水稻根际土壤中总Cd含量

图3 不同处理下水稻根际土壤中不同形态Cd含量

表1 不同处理间细菌和真菌α多样性指数

图4 不同处理下土壤细菌与真菌优势菌和群落相对丰度图a为细菌群落相对丰度；图b为真菌群落相对丰度；图c~图j为细菌群落相对丰度；图k~图n为真菌群落相对丰度。

图5 不同处理下土壤细菌（a）和真菌（b）的β多样性

图6 在门水平上不同形态Cd与根际土壤细菌（a）和真菌（b）群落之间的RDA分析

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