中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 30-34.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.05.006

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机肥替代氮肥配施叶面肥对不同粒型水稻营养分配、产量及品质的影响

沈娴1, 王保君2, 张红梅2, 周治国3, 张海鹏1, 李斌1,*()   

  1. 1 嘉兴市农渔技术推广站， 浙江 嘉兴 314050
    2 嘉兴市农业科学院 生态环境研究所， 浙江 嘉兴 314016
    3 海宁市民兴农机专业合作社， 浙江 海宁 314416
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-23 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 通讯作者: * 1026665088@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    嘉兴市科技计划（应用性基础研究）项目(2024AZ10006);嘉兴市科技计划（应用性基础研究）项目(2023AZ11004);浙江省水稻新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02063-3);浙江省区域试验站项目(2025QYSYLY03);桐乡市高桥农业科技园区项目(2021E70009)

Effects of Replacing Nitrogen Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer Combined with Foliar Fertilizer on Nutrient Allocation, Yield, and Quality of Different Grain Types Rice

SHEN Xian1, WANG Baojun2, ZHANG Hongmei2, ZHOU Zhiguo3, ZHANG Haipeng1, LI Bin1,*()   

  1. 1 Jiaxing Agricultural and Fishery Technology Promotion Station, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314050, China
    2 Institute of Eco-environmental Sciences, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314016, China
    3 Haining Minxing Agricultural Machinery Specialized Cooperative, Haining, Zhejiang 314416, China
  • Received:2026-03-23 Published:2026-09-20 Online:2026-09-04
  • Contact: * 1026665088@qq.com

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摘要：

为明确有机肥替代氮肥配施叶面肥对不同粒型优质稻品种营养元素分配、产量及品质的影响，以长粒粳稻秀水香1号（L）和圆粒粳稻浙禾香2号（R）为材料开展大田试验，设置常规施肥（CK）、有机肥替代40%氮肥（40%M）、有机肥替代40%氮肥+叶面肥（40%ML）3个处理，探究不同施肥处理对不同粒型水稻品种氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）转运及产量、品质的响应特征。结果表明，与圆粒型水稻品种相比，长粒型水稻叶片的N、P含量及N、P、K分配比例均最高，茎秆的N、K分配比例最低，穗部K含量及K分配比例均最高，但穗部P含量及N、P分配比例均最低。此外，有机肥替代氮肥对不同粒型水稻品种的元素分配存在显著差异：与L-CK相比，L-40%M、L-40%ML处理的叶片N含量分别显著增加51.74%、51.90%；与R-CK相比，R-40%M、R-40%ML处理的穗部N含量分别显著增加36.65%、35.19%。产量方面，L-40%ML和R-40%ML处理的产量均最高，分别较对照增产6.10%和4.26%。米质方面，与对照相比，L-40%ML和R-40%ML处理的稻米垩白度、垩白粒率均显著降低，其中长粒型品种分别降低13.64%、16.67%，圆粒型品种分别降低29.03%、25.00%。综上所述，有机肥替代40%氮肥并配合叶面肥施用，可优化两种粒型优质稻品种的养分吸收与利用，实现产量提升与品质改善的协同发展，为优质稻绿色高效生产技术提供可行策略。

关键词: 水稻, 有机肥, 叶面肥, 粒型, 营养元素, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of replacing nitrogen (N) fertilizer with organic fertilizer combined with foliar fertilizer on nutrient allocation, yield, and quality in different grain-types high-quality rice varieties, a field experiment was conducted using the long-grain type rice variety Xiushuixiang 1 (L) and the round-grain type rice variety Zhehexang 2 (R). Three treatments were set up: conventional fertilization (CK), 40% N replaced by organic fertilizer (40%M), and 40% N replaced by organic fertilizer plus foliar fertilizer (40%ML). The response characteristics of N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) translocation, as well as yield and quality, to different N management strategies in the two grain types were investigated. The results showed that, compared with the round-grain variety, the long-grain variety had the highest N and P contents in leaves, along with the highest N, P, and K allocation ratios; the lowest N and K allocation ratios in stems; and the highest K content and K allocation ratio in panicles, but the lowest P content and the lowest N and P allocation ratios in panicles. In addition, organic fertilizer substitution significantly affected nutrient allocation in the two grain types. Compared with L-CK, leaf N content under L-40%M and L-40%ML increased significantly by 51.74% and 51.90%, respectively. Compared with R-CK, panicle N content under R-40%M and R-40%ML increased significantly by 36.65% and 35.19%, respectively. In terms of yield, the L-40%ML and R-40%ML treatments produced the highest yields, increasing by 6.10% and 4.26% over their respective controls. In terms of rice quality, compared with the control, both chalkiness degree and chalky grain rate of theL-40%ML and R-40%ML treatments were significantly reduced, the long-grain variety showed reductions of 13.64% and 16.67%, while the round-grain variety showed reductions of 29.03% and 25.00%, respectively. In conclusion, replacing 40% of N fertilizer with organic fertilizer combined with foliar fertilizer can optimize nutrient uptake and utilization in both grain-types high-quality rice varieties, achieving coordinated improvements in both yield and quality. This provides a feasible strategy for green and efficient production of high-quality rice.

Key words: rice, organic fertilizer, foliar fertilizer, grain type, nutrient elements, yield, quality

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