中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 72-75.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.010

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

水稻叶片喷施阻镉剂对产量和镉吸收的影响

廖嘉晖1,3,#, 潘宁2,#, 陆楚盛1, 赖怀2, 孟祥亮2, 蔡昊炀1,3, 王俊江1,3, 王昕钰1, 尹媛红1, 叶群欢1, 程雄3,*(), 傅友强1,*()   

  1. 1广东省农业科学院 水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种重点实验室(部省共建)/广东省水稻工程实验室,广州 510640
    2东莞本色生物科技有限公司,广州 523588
    3华南农业大学,广州 510642
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-24 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-09-12
  • 通讯作者: *chengx@scau.edu.cn;
    fyq040430@163.com
  • 作者简介:# 共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    广东省农业科学院水稻研究所优谷计划(2023YG05);广东省农业科学院协同创新中心项目“智慧(数字)农业研究中心建设运行经费项目”(XTXM202201);广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室项目(2023B1212060042)

Effects of Leaf Spraying with Cadmium Inhibitor on Rice Yield and Cadmium Absorption

LIAO Jiahui1,3,#, PAN Ning2,#, LU Chusheng1, LAI Huai2, MENG Xiangliang2, CAI Haoyang1,3, WANG Junjiang1,3, WANG Xinyu1, YIN Yuanhong1, YE Qunhuan1, CHENG Xiong3,*(), FU Youqiang1,*()   

  1. 1Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in South China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China
    2Dongguan Bense Biotechnology Co., LTD., Dongguan, Guangdong 523588, China
    3South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

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摘要：

镉(Cd)是一种危害粮食安全的重金属元素。为了降低水稻籽粒Cd含量,阻止水稻吸收和转运Cd具有重要意义。本文以华南地区种植面积最大的优质籼稻品种美香占2号为试验材料,设置健康土壤+清水喷施(T1)、镉污染土壤+清水喷施(T2)、镉污染土壤+喷施低浓度(800倍液)阻镉剂(T3)、镉污染土壤+喷施高浓度(300倍液)阻镉剂(T4)共4个处理,探讨喷施不同浓度阻镉剂对水稻产量、光合作用和Cd吸收的影响。结果表明,喷施阻镉剂能够显著增加水稻籽粒质量和生物量,与T2处理相比,T3和T4处理的籽粒质量分别增加81.70%和48.57%,生物量分别增加53.14%和24.32%。与T2处理相比,T3处理的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率分别增加9.72%、42.76%、7.30%和17.05%,但T4处理稍有减少,差异不显著。T3处理各部位的Cd吸收量与T2处理相比均无显著差异,其中实粒Cd含量降低33.11%,但籽粒Cd在总Cd吸收量中的占比显著降低31.77%。表明水稻叶面喷施适量阻隔剂能促进光合作用,增加生物量,减少Cd向籽粒转运,增加产量,其中以叶面喷施低浓度阻隔剂(800倍液)效果更好。

关键词: 水稻, 叶面阻镉剂, 光合作用, 重金属, 镉

Abstract:

Cadmium(Cd) is an important heavy metal that endangers food security. In order to reduce the contents of Cd in rice grains, preventing rice from absorbing and transporting Cd is of great significance. This study took the high-quality indica rice variety Meixiangzhan 2, which had the largest planting area in South China, as the experimental material. Four treatments were set up: healthy soil + spraying water(T1), cadmium contaminated soil + spraying water(T2), cadmium contaminated soil+ spraying low concentration cadmium inhibitor(800-fold liquid) (T3), and cadmium contaminated soil+ spraying high concentration cadmium inhibitor (300-fold liquid)(T4). The effects of spraying different concentrations of cadmium inhibitor on rice yield, photosynthesis, and cadmium absorption were explored. The results showed that spraying cadmium inhibitors could significantly increase rice yield and biomass. Compared with T2 treatment, T3 and T4 treatments increased rice yield by 81.70% and 48.57%, respectively, and increased rice biomass by 53.14% and 24.32%, respectively. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate increased by 9.72%, 42.76%, 7.30%, and 17.05%, respectively, in T3 treatment, but decreased no significantly in T4 treatment, compared with T2 treatment. There was no significant difference in Cd absorption between all parts of T3 treatment and T2 treatment, among them, the Cd contents in plump grains reduced by 33.11%, but the proportion of grain Cd in the total Cd absorption significantly decreased by 31.77%. This indicated that spraying 800-fold liquid of cadmium inhibitor on rice leaves could enhance photosynthesis, increase biomass, reduce Cd transport to grains, and increase grain yield.

Key words: rice, cadmium inhibitor, photosynthesis, heavy metal, cadmium

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