中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2024, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 103-106.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2024.05.015

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同灌溉用水量对水稻产量和水分利用效率的影响

蔡昊炀1,2,#, 韩孟红3,#, 陈俊霖2, 陆楚盛1,2, 王俊江1,2, 廖嘉晖1,2, 陆展华2, 梁开明2, 尹媛红2, 叶群欢2, 傅友强2,*(), 程雄1,*()   

  1. 1华南农业大学,广州 510642
    2广东省农业科学院 水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种重点实验室(部省共建)/广东省水稻工程实验室,广州 510640
    3广州市农业农村科学院,广州 510470
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-24 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-09-12
  • 通讯作者: *fyq040430@163.com;
    chengx@scau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:# 共同第一作者
  • 基金资助:
    广州市重点研发计划项目(202206010069);广东省农业科学院协同创新中心项目“智慧(数字)农业研究中心建设运行经费项目”(XTXM202201);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2023A1515011533);广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室项目(2023B1212060042)

Effects of Different Irrigation Water Rate on Rice Yield and Water Use Efficiency

CAI Haoyang1,2,#, HAN Menghong3,#, CHEN Junlin2, LU Chusheng1,2, WANG Junjiang1,2, LIAO Jiahui1,2, LU Zhanhua2, LIANG Kaiming2, YIN Yuanhong2, YE Qunhuan2, FU Youqiang2,*(), CHENG Xiong1,*()   

  1. 1South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
    2Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/ Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in South China (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou 510640, China
    3Guangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Rural Sciences, Guangzhou 510470, China

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摘要：

节水灌溉是提高水分利用效率和水稻高效生产的重要措施。以华南地区种植面积较广的水稻品种粤禾丝苗为材料,盆栽试验比较了4种不同灌溉用水量处理对水稻产量、生物量和水分籽粒生产效率的影响。结果表明,随着灌溉用水量的减少,水稻每穗粒数逐渐下降,结实率逐渐增加,而水稻产量先增加后减少。与CK(长期淹水灌溉,水量38.6L/盆)相比,T2处理(长期淹水灌溉用水量的88.6%)的水稻产量增加14.55%,T4处理(长期淹水灌溉用水量的36.8%)的水稻产量减少45.28%,但T3处理(长期淹水灌溉用水量的62.4%)无明显差异,表明减少37.6%的灌溉用水量不影响水稻产量。与CK相比,T4处理的生物量显著减少50.84%,T2和T3处理无显著差异。4个处理中T3处理的水分籽粒生产效率最高,比CK显著增加62.38%。综上所述,在本试验条件下,T3处理(减少37.6%的灌溉用水量)水稻不减产,水分籽粒生产效率最高。

关键词: 水稻, 节水灌溉, 产量, 水分籽粒生产效率

Abstract:

Water-saving irrigation is an important measure to improve water use efficiency and efficient rice production. The effects of four different irrigation water amounts on the yield, biomass, and water grain production efficiency of the widely planted rice variety Yuehesimiao were studied by pot experiment in Southern China. The results showed that with the decrease of irrigation water rate, the number of grains per panicle of rice decreased gradually, and the seed setting rate increased gradually, and the rice yield first increased and then decreased. Compared with CK (long-term flooding irrigation, 38.6 L/pot), T2 treatment (88.6% of long-term flooding irrigation water rate) increased rice yield by 14.55%, T4 treatment (36.8% of long-term flooding irrigation water rate) decreased rice yield by 45.28%, but there was no significant difference in T3 treatment (62.4% of long-term flooding irrigation water rate), indicating that reducing irrigation water consumption by 37.6% does not affect rice yield. Compared with CK, the biomass of T4 treatment significantly decreased by 50.84%, while was no significant difference in T2 and T3 treatments. Among the four treatments, the water grain production efficiency was the highest in T3 treatment, significantly increased by 62.38% compared to CK. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, reducing irrigation water consumption by 37.6% does not result in a decrease in rice yield, and the water grain production efficiency is the highest.

Key words: rice, water-saving irrigation, yield, water grain use efficiency

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