Abstract:

In hilly regions, the deep mud layer of winter paddy fields often causes rice transplanters to sink, severely compromising transplanting quality. To systematically evaluate the effects of different seedling-raising methods combined with lightweight rice transplanters on transplanting performance in such fields and explore the relationship between seeding quality and machine-transplanting quality index, this study designed experiments covering both the seedling-raising and machine-transplanting stages. During the seedling-raising phase, two methods were compared: nutrient soil and muddy soil. Three seeding rates (75, 85, and 95 g/tray) and three seedling ages (25, 33, and 40 days) were tested. In the transplanting phase, two types of lightweight equipment were used: a 4-row walk-behind transplanter and a 4-row riding high-speed transplanter. Results showed that seedling-raising method, seeding rate, and seedling age significantly affected the quality of hybrid rice seedlings. A strong correlation was observed between seedling quality and transplanting performance, particularly in deep-mud fields. Compared to the walk-behind transplanter, the riding high-speed transplanter significantly reduced the rates of missing, floating, and overturned seedlings by 0.70%-2.06%, and improved the transplanting uniformity by 2.05%. Further correlation analysis indicated that increasing plant height, leaf age, root entanglement force, and seedling fullness helped reduce missing and floating seedlings, but increased the rates of overturned and injured seedlings. Improving seedling uniformity effectively reduced floating, overturned, and injured seedlings while enhancing transplanting uniformity. Overall, the optimal combination was the riding high-speed transplanter paired with nutrient soil seedlings, a seeding rate of 85 g/tray, and a seedling age of 33 days. This configuration improved the transplanting uniformity coefficient by 0.10%-9.03% compared to other treatments, providing a practical basis for high-quality mechanized cultivation of hybrid rice in deep-mud fields.

Key words: hybrid rice, deep-mud paddy field, rice transplanter, seedling quality, machine-transplanting quality

摘要：

在丘陵地区，冬水田泥脚较深，这导致插秧机“陷田”现象十分突出，进而造成机插质量不佳。本研究设置育秧和机插两个环节的试验，旨在研究杂交稻育插秧方式的优化配置对深泥脚田机插质量的影响，并探讨秧苗素质与深泥脚田机插质量指标之间的关系。在育秧环节，设置2种育秧方式，即营养土育秧和稀泥育秧；设置3个播种量，分别为75 g/盘、85 g/盘、95 g/盘；设置3个机插秧龄，即25 d、33 d、40 d。在机插环节，选用两种轻简型机具，即4行手扶式插秧机和4行乘坐式高速插秧机。试验结果表明，育秧方式、播种量以及秧龄均对杂交稻秧苗素质的各项指标产生显著影响。同时，秧苗素质与深泥脚田不同机具的机插质量指标之间存在显著相关性。与4行手扶插秧机相比，4行乘坐式高速插秧机的机插漏秧率、漂秧率和翻倒率显著降低，降幅在0.70%~2.06%之间，而机插均匀度系数显著提高2.05%。相关分析进一步表明，适度增加株高、叶龄、根系盘结力和充实度可降低深泥脚田机插的漏秧率和漂秧率，但会增加机插的翻倒率和伤秧率；提高秧苗整齐度能够显著降低漂秧率、倒翻率和伤秧率，同时显著增加深泥脚田机插均匀度系数，从而提升机插质量。综合考量深泥脚田插秧机具与育秧处理对机插质量的影响，建议选用4行乘坐式高速插秧机，并配套营养土育秧、播种量85 g/盘、机插秧龄33 d的方案。此方案在培育高素质机插秧苗的同时，能有效提高深泥脚田杂交稻的育插秧质量，使机插秧均匀度系数相较于其他育插秧处理提高0.10%~9.03%，为深泥脚田杂交稻全程机械化高产优质栽培技术提供坚实的理论基础和实践依据。

关键词: 杂交稻, 深泥脚田, 插秧机, 秧苗素质, 机插质量