湖北省双季稻品种干物质积累及氮磷钾养分吸收规律

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以5个早稻品种（两优302、两优287、鄂早18、鄂早17和两优6号）和5个晚稻品种（T优180、黄华占、丰源优299、天优华占和两优33）为供试材料，于2022年在湖北省武穴市大金镇周干村进行田间试验。通过测定各品种关键生育时期的干物质量及氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）养分含量，运用Logistic方程y=K/（1+ae^-bt）拟合水稻干物质积累过程，分析早、晚稻品种的干物质积累及N、P、K养分吸收规律，拟为湖北省双季稻的科学合理施肥提供理论依据。结果发现，在干物质积累方面，早、晚稻的总干物质积累量均呈现出“慢-快-慢”的增长趋势，快速积累期分别在移栽后59~95 d（持续36 d）和28~73 d（持续45 d）；茎和叶干物质积累量的变化趋势均表现为先增加后下降，而穗干物质积累量则呈持续上升态势。在养分吸收方面，早、晚稻的N素总积累量均呈现出持续增加的趋势；在快速积累期，早稻积累的N素占最大积累量的52.7%，晚稻这一比例为76.9%；P、K素的总积累量变化则表现为先增加后降低的趋势。收获时，早稻穗中的N、P含量分别占总量的63.8%和73.9%，K在茎中的含量占总量的72.8%；晚稻穗中的N、P含量分别占总量的69.7%和76.2%，K在茎中的含量占总量的68.6%。测产结果显示，晚稻平均产量为7 924.6 kg/hm²，较早稻（6 381.5 kg/hm²）增产24.2%。每生产100 kg稻谷，早稻需要吸收N 1.9~2.0 kg、P₂O₅ 0.9~1.2 kg和K₂O 2.5~2.9 kg，晚稻需要吸收N 1.5~1.8 kg、P₂O₅ 0.7~1.0 kg、K₂O 1.6~2.1 kg。综上所述，早、晚稻在不同生育时期的干物质积累以及对N、P、K养分的需求存在显著差异，实际施肥时，应调整早、晚稻肥料中N、P、K的配比，制定针对性施肥策略，提高肥料利用率，实现双季稻产量与经济效益的最大化。

关键词: 双季稻, 干物质, 养分吸收, 产量

Abstract:

Using five early-season rice varieties (Liangyou 302, Liangyou 287, Ezao 18, Ezao 17, and Liangyou 6) and five late-season rice varieties (Tyou 180, Huanghuazhan, Fengyuanyou 299, Tianyouhuazhan, and Liangyou 33) as test materials, field experiments were conducted in Zhougan Village, Dajin Town, Wuxue City, Hubei Province, in 2022. By measuring the dry matter mass and the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) nutrients at key growth stages of each variety, and employing the Logistic equation y=K/(1+ae^-bt) to model the dry matter accumulation process in rice, we analyzed the patterns of dry matter accumulation and N, P, and K nutrient uptake in early-and late-season rice varieties, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and rational fertilization of double-cropping rice in Hubei Province. The results revealed that, in terms of dry matter accumulation, both early-and late-season rice exhibited a “slow-fast-slow” growth trend in total dry matter accumulation, with the rapid accumulation phases occurring from 59 to 95 days (lasting 36 days) and from 28 to 73 days (lasting 45 days) after transplanting, respectively. The dry matter accumulation in stems and leaves initially increased and then decreased, while that in panicles showed a continuous upward trend. Regarding nutrient uptake, the total N accumulation in both early- and late-season rice showed a continuous increase; during the rapid accumulation phase, early-season rice accumulated 52.7% of its maximum N accumulation, compared to 76.9% for late-season rice. The total accumulation of P and K initially increased and then decreased. At harvest, the N and P content in the panicles of early-season rice accounted for 63.8% and 73.9% of the total, respectively, while K content in the stems accounted for 72.8% of the total. For late-season rice, the N and P content in the panicles accounted for 69.7% and 76.2% of the total, respectively, and K content in the stems accounted for 68.6% of the total. The yield measurement results showed that the average yield of late-season rice was 7,924.6 kg/hm², representing a 24.2% increase compared to early-season rice (6,381.5 kg/hm²). To produce 100 kg of rice grain, early-season rice required the uptake of 1.9-2.0 kg of N, 0.9-1.2 kg of P₂O₅, and 2.5-2.9 kg of K₂O, while late-season rice required 1.5-1.8 kg of N, 0.7-1.0 kg of P₂O₅, and 1.6-2.1 kg of K₂O. In conclusion, there are significant differences in dry matter accumulation and N, P, and K nutrient requirements between early- and late-season rice at different growth stages. In practical fertilization, the ratios of N, P, and K in fertilizers for early- and late-season rice should be adjusted to formulate targeted fertilization strategies, improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, and maximize the yield and economic benefits of double-cropping rice.

Key words: double-cropping rice, dry matter, nutrient uptake, yield

中图分类号:

S511.062

刘晓鸽, 汪洋, 戴志刚, 汪本福, 李小坤. 湖北省双季稻品种干物质积累及氮磷钾养分吸收规律[J]. 中国稻米, 2025, 31(6): 46-54.

LIU Xiaoge, WANG Yang, DAI Zhigang, WANG Benfu, LI Xiaokun. Patterns of Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Nutrient Absorption in Double-cropping Rice Varieties in Hubei Province[J]. China Rice, 2025, 31(6): 46-54.

图/表 10

图1 早稻和晚稻不同品种地上部干物质积累动态 TS为分蘖期（初期）；JS为拔节期；HS为抽穗期；FS为灌浆期；RS成熟期；0为移栽当天。下同。

图2 早稻和晚稻地上部各器官干物质积累动态早、晚稻总干物质积累量及其茎、叶、穗干物质积累量均为早、晚稻5个品种的平均值。

图3 早稻和晚稻地上部干物质积累动态图中干物质积累量为早、晚稻5个品种总干物质积累量的平均值。

图4 早稻和晚稻地上部干物质积累速率动态

表1 早稻和晚稻干物质积累的Logistic模型及其特征值

图5 早稻和晚稻N素养分积累动态

图6 早稻和晚稻P素养分积累动态

图7 早稻和晚稻K素养分积累动态

表2 早稻和晚稻收获期各器官氮磷钾养分分配

表3 生产100 kg籽粒氮磷钾养分需求量

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