中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 123-129.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.05.021

• 品种与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

播种量及播种方式对水稻不育系秧苗素质及机插特性的影响

曹真瑞1,2,4, 冯延东2, 陈德睿2, 湛立伟3, 陈惠哲2, 张玉屏2, 张义凯2, 王亚梁2, 王志刚2, 徐逸文2, 聂立孝1,*(), 向镜2,*()   

  1. 1 海南大学 南繁学院/三亚南繁研究院， 海南 三亚 572000
    2 中国水稻研究所/水稻生物育种全国重点实验室， 杭州 310006
    3 浙江勿忘农种业科学研究院， 杭州 311400
    4 海南大学 热带农林学院， 海南 儋州 571737
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-31 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 通讯作者: * lxnie@hainanu.edu.cn；
    xiangjing@caas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省“三农九方”科技协作计划项目(2024SNJF011);浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LTGN24C130006);浙江省农机研发制造推广应用一体化试点项目;中国农业科学院科技创新项目(CAAS-水稻智能与高效种植技术组);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-23)

Effects of Sowing Rate and Sowing Method on Seedling Quality and Mechanical Transplanting Characteristics of Rice Male Sterile Line

CAO Zhenrui1,2,4, FENG Yandong2, CHEN Derui2, ZHAN Liwei3, CHEN Huizhe2, ZHANG Yuping2, ZHANG Yikai2, WANG Yaliang2, WANG Zhigang2, XU Yiwen2, NIE Lixiao1,*(), XIANG Jing2,*()   

  1. 1 School of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University/Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication, Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
    2 China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Hangzhou 310006, China
    3 Zhejiang Wuwangnong Seed Science Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China
    4 School of Tropical Agricultural and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China

RichHTML

PDF

摘要：

为明确播种量与播种方式对杂交稻制种不育系机插秧苗素质、机插质量及制种产量的影响，并为杂交稻制种不育系高质量育插秧技术提供理论依据，本研究以籼型不育系华浙2A和粳型不育系浙粳7A为试验材料，设置20 g/盘、30 g/盘、40 g/盘3个播种量水平，采用撒播与精量条播2种播种方式，系统探究其对不育系秧苗形态、生理特性、成毯性、机插质量及制种产量的综合效应。结果表明，低播种量有利于培育壮秧，可促进秧苗地上部与根系生长及干物质积累，显著提升秧苗素质。其中，20 g/盘处理的秧苗充实度较40 g/盘处理分别提高31.61%（浙粳7A）和3.32%（华浙2A），壮苗指数分别提高94.34%（浙粳7A）和75.48%（华浙2A）。相同播种量下，精量条播较撒播可显著提升秧苗素质，促进氮、磷、钾养分及非结构性碳水化合物积累；同时显著增强根系盘结力，在40 g/盘播种量下将漏秧率降至5%以下，并大幅提高机插均匀度（浙粳7A达78.83%、华浙2A达79.09%）。此外，精量条播处理的有效穗数和结实率显著提高，两个组合的制种产量分别较撒播处理增加14.97%和19.15%。

关键词: 杂交稻, 播种量, 播种方式, 机插秧, 秧苗素质, 成毯特性, 机插质量

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of sowing rate and sowing method on the seedling quality, machine transplanting quality, and seed production yield of hybrid rice male sterile lines under mechanical transplanting, and to provide a theoretical basis for high-quality seedling raising and transplanting techniques for hybrid rice male sterile lines, this study used indica-type male sterile line Huazhe 2A and japonica-type male sterile line Zhejing 7A as experimental materials. Three sowing rates (20 g/tray, 30 g/tray, and 40 g/tray) and two sowing methods(broadcast sowing and precision row sowing) were set to systematically investigate their comprehensive effects on seedling morphological indices, physiological characteristics, mat formation, machine transplanting quality, and seed production yield of the male sterile lines. The results showed that low sowing rates were conducive to cultivating robust seedlings, promoting aboveground and root growth as well as dry matter accumulation, thereby significantly improving seedling quality. Specifically, compared with the 40 g/tray treatment, the seedling compactness of the 20 g/tray treatment increased by 31.61% (Zhegeng 7A) and 3.32% (Huazhe 2A), while the robust seedling index increased by 94.34% (Zhegeng 7A) and 75.48% (Huazhe 2A). Under the same sowing rate, precision row sowing significantly improved seedling quality compared with broadcast sowing, promoted the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrients, and non-structural carbohydrates; it also significantly enhanced root binding force, reduced the missing seedling rate to below 5% at the 40 g/tray sowing rate, and greatly improved machine transplanting uniformity (78.83% for Zhegeng 7A and 79.09% for Huazhe 2A). In addition, the effective panicle number and seed setting rate of the precision row sowing treatment were significantly higher, with seed production yields of the two combinations increasing by 14.97% and 19.15%, respectively, compared with broadcast sowing.

Key words: hybrid rice, sowing rate, sowing method, machine-transplanted rice, seedling quality, mat formation characteristics, machine transplanting quality

中图分类号: