关键词: 水稻, 核心种质, 食味品质, 脂肪酸, 食味计, 快速鉴定, 华南稻区

Abstract:

To address the strong subjectivity and low efficiency of traditional sensory evaluation, this study established a standardized and efficient system for the rapid identification of rice eating quality, aiming to facilitate the early screening of elite breeding materials and accelerate high-quality rice breeding in South China. A total of 212 accessions of South China high-quality rice core germplasm and their derived lines were employed as experimental materials. By integrating taste analyzer quantification, artificial sensory evaluation, and NMR-based fatty acid profiling, we validated the efficacy of the taste analyzer in early-stage screening and elucidated the regulatory mechanisms of fatty acids on eating quality. Results showed a highly significant positive correlation between taste analyzer scores and sensory scores, confirming that the analyzer can effectively replace manual evaluation for large-scale screening. The tested germplasm exhibited rich genetic variation and stable expression of eating quality traits. Six elite lines with synergistic improvements in both eating quality and agronomic traits were successfully screened. Furthermore, the regulatory effect of fatty acids on eating quality displayed distinct genotypic specificity, supporting their use as auxiliary selection indicators. The combined technology of taste analysis and NMR detection significantly improves screening efficiency and shortens the breeding cycle. This study provides reliable technical support and core germplasm resources for the precise identification and targeted molecular breeding of high-quality rice in South China.

Key words: rice, core germplasm, eating quality, fatty acid, taste analyzer, rapid identification, South China rice region