中国稻米 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 42-47.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.05.008

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

栽培方式与水分调控对水稻种植氮素流失与利用的影响

陈燕祥1,2, 何军1,*(), 陈真雄2, 陈雷2, 周峻霄2, 何妍常悦2, 黄必善3, 熊威3, 王述斌3, 肖斌3   

  1. 1 三峡大学 三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心湖北 宜昌 443002
    2 三峡大学 水利与环境学院湖北 宜昌 443002
    3 天门市农田灌溉排水试验站湖北 天门 431700
  • 收稿日期:2026-05-27 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 通讯作者: * hejun50@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(42401030);湖北省水利重点科研项目(HBSLKY202331)

Effects of Cultivation Methods and Water Regulation on Nitrogen Loss and Use of Rice Planting

CHEN Yanxiang1,2, HE Jun1,*(), CHEN Zhenxiong2, CHEN Lei2, ZHOU Junxiao2, HE Yanchangyue2, HUANG Bishan3, XIONG Wei3, WANG Shubin3, XIAO Bin3   

  1. 1 Engineering Research Center of Eco-Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
    2 College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
    3 Tianmen Experiment Station of Farmland Irrigation and Drainage, Tianmen, Hubei 431700, China
  • Received:2026-05-27 Published:2026-09-20 Online:2026-09-04
  • Contact: * hejun50@163.com

摘要:

为探明栽培方式与水分调控对稻田氮素迁移转化及利用效率的影响,本研究设置淹水灌溉(W1)、间歇灌溉(W2)和蓄雨型灌溉(W3)三种水分调控模式,对比分析直播稻(F1)与移栽稻(F2)在不同水分调控模式下0~40 cm土层渗滤液氮素动态、土壤总氮剖面分布及植株氮素积累特征。结果表明,相较于淹灌(W1),间歇灌溉(W2)与蓄雨型灌溉(W3)能显著降低0~40 cm渗滤液的总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)及铵态氮(NH4+-N)浓度;其中移栽稻在基肥施用后NO3--N浓度降幅最大,分别为3.23 mg/L和3.40 mg/L,追肥后差异进一步扩大。全生育期内,移栽稻(F2)0~40 cm土层TN含量总体高于直播稻(F1),且在W2与W3模式下维持在10.00 g/kg左右的稳定水平。植株氮素积累方面,移栽稻茎、叶及穗部氮素转运效率显著优于直播稻,其氮素收获指数(NHI)、氮肥表观利用率(ANRE)及氮肥农学利用率(ANUE)均显著高于直播稻(p<0.05)。综上,移栽稻配合间歇灌溉可实现稻田氮素减排与氮素高效利用的协同效果。

关键词: 水稻, 栽培方式, 灌溉模式, 氮素流失, 氮肥利用

Abstract:

To elucidate the effects of cultivation practices and water management strategies on nitrogen migration, transformation, and utilization efficiency in paddy fields, this study established three irrigation modes: continuous flooding (W1), intermittent irrigation (W2), and rainwater storage irrigation (W3). A comparative analysis was conducted between direct-seeded rice (F1) and transplanted rice (F2) regarding nitrogen dynamics in leachate, vertical distribution of soil total nitrogen (TN), and plant nitrogen accumulation characteristics within the 0-40 cm soil layer under different treatments. The results indicated that compared with continuous flooding (W1), both intermittent (W2) and rainwater storage (W3) irrigation significantly reduced the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3--N), and ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) in leachate at 0-40 cm depth. Notably, transplanted rice exhibited the greatest reductions in NO3--N concentration after basal fertilization, by 3.23 mg/L and 3.40 mg/L, respectively, with the difference widening further after topdressing. Throughout the growth period, the TN content in the 0-40 cm layer of transplanted rice (F2) was generally higher than that of direct-seeded rice (F1), and remained relatively stable at approximately 10.00 g/kg under W2 and W3 mode. Regarding nitrogen accumulation, transplanted rice demonstrated significantly superior translocation efficiency in stems, leaves, and panicles. Correspondingly, the nitrogen harvest index (NHI), apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANRE), and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE) of transplanted rice were significantly greater than those of direct-seeded rice. In conclusion, combining transplanted rice with intermittent irrigation can synergistically achieve nitrogen reduction in paddy fields and high nitrogen-use efficiency in plants.

Key words: rice, cultivation methods, irrigation modes, nitrogen loss, nitrogen fertilizer utilization

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