井冈霉素配施纳米硅肥对水稻光合特性、防御酶活性和纹枯病防控效果的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.01.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发展病害绿色防控技术有利于水稻产业健康可持续发展。为明确井冈霉素与纳米硅肥配施对水稻纹枯病的防控效果及对水稻光合特性、防御酶活性的影响，以野香优669为参试品种开展试验，旨在筛选出最优的配施方案。结果表明，与CK（喷施等量无菌水）相比，井冈霉素配施纳米硅肥能够显著提升水稻的光合特性。其中，喷施5%井冈霉素A可湿性粉剂125 g+纳米硅肥700 mL处理的表现最好。该处理下，水稻总叶绿素含量达到4.69 mg/g，净光合速率（Pn）为14.90 μmol/（m²·s），气孔导度（Gs）为0.47 μmol/（m²·s），细胞间隙CO₂浓度（Ci）为268.70 μmol/mol，蒸腾速率（Tr）为5.30 mmol/（m²·s）；潜在光化学效率（Fv/Fo）、PSII最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）和非光化学淬灭系数（NPQ）等叶绿素荧光参数均显著高于其他处理；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）及苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）等抗氧化防御酶活性在该处理中均最高，分别为513.3、875.1、117.7和47.9 U/（g·h）。同时，采用该处理方式的水稻病情指数为2.18，防效达76.20%，对水稻纹枯病的防控效果在各处理中最佳。综上所述，喷施5%井冈霉素 A 可湿性粉剂 125 g+纳米硅肥 700 mL的处理能够改善水稻的叶绿素含量、光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数，激发抗氧化防御酶活性，对水稻纹枯病具有良好的防控效果。

关键词: 水稻, 井冈霉素, 纳米硅肥, 光合特性, 纹枯病

Abstract:

The development of environmentally friendly disease prevention and control technology is conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of rice industry. To clarify the control efficacy of combined application of jinggangmycin and nano-silicon fertilizer against rice sheath blight, as well as its effects on photosynthetic characteristics and defense enzyme activities in rice, an experiment was conducted using the rice cultivar Yexiangyou 669 as the test material, aiming to screen for the optimal combined application scheme. The results showed that, compared to the control (CK, sprayed with an equal volume of sterile water), the combined application of jinggangmycin and nano-silicon fertilizer significantly enhanced the photosynthetic characteristics of rice. Among all treatments, the T3 treatment (spraying 5% validamycin A wettable powder 125 g+nano-silicon fertilizer 700 mL) demonstrated the best performance. Under this treatment condition, the total chlorophyII content, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration and transpiration rate of rice were 4.69 mg/g, 14.9 μmol/（m²·s）, 0.47μmol/（m²·s）, 268.7 μmol/mol and 5.3 mmol/（m²·s） respectively. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), were significantly higher than those in other treatments. The activities of antioxidant defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), reached their highest values, with specific activities of 513.3, 875.1, 117.7, and 47.9 U/(g·h), respectively. Meanwhile, under this treatment condition, the disease index and control effect of rice were 2.18 and 76.2 %, respectively, and the prevention and control of rice sheath blight reached the best effect. In conclusion, the T3 treatment improved chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in rice, activated antioxidant defense enzymes, and demonstrated excellent control efficacy against rice sheath blight.

Key words: rice, jinggangmycin, nano silicon fertilizer, photosynthetic characteristics, rice sheath blight

中图分类号:

郭锦全, 周友军. 井冈霉素配施纳米硅肥对水稻光合特性、防御酶活性和纹枯病防控效果的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2026, 32(1): 64-69.

GUO Jinquan, ZHOU Youjun. Effects of Combined Application of Jinggangmycin and Nano-Silicon Fertilzer on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Defense Enzyme Activities, and Control Efficacy Against Rice Sheath Blight[J]. China Rice, 2026, 32(1): 64-69.

图/表 6

图1 不同处理对水稻叶绿素含量的影响图柱上不同小写字母表示处理间差异在0.05水平显著。下同。

图2 不同处理对水稻光合特性的影响

图3 不同处理对水稻叶绿素荧光参数的影响

图4 不同处理对水稻防御酶活性的影响

表1 不同处理对水稻纹枯病的防治效果

图5 不同处理光合特性与病情指数的相关性

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