中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 54-60.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.05.010

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

秸秆还田下外源物料添加对川南冬闲稻田秸秆腐解及温室气体排放的影响

胡建1(), 罗兴1, 周丽2, 马健华2, 乔娅2, 郭松1, 周子军1, 杨兆国2, 何刚3, 伍燕翔3, 徐麟3, 陈琨1,*()   

  1. 1 四川省农业科学院 农业资源与环境研究所， 成都 610066
    2 宜宾市农业科学院， 四川 宜宾 644699
    3 宜宾市农业农村局农业综合服务中心， 四川 宜宾 644000
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-07 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 通讯作者: * chenkun410@scsaas.com
  • 作者简介:

    第一作者：2637633855@qq.com

  • 基金资助:
    四川省财政自主创新专项(2022ZZCX011);宜宾市农业科技创新项目(2024NYHZ004);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301901);吨粮田（耕地）核心技术攻关(2025（1+3）ZYGG-04-2)

Effects of Exogenous Amendments Addition on Straw Decomposition and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Winter-Fallow Paddy Fields in Southern Sichuan Under Straw Return

HU Jian1(), LUO Xing1, ZHOU Li2, MA Jianhua2, QIAO Ya2, GUO Song1, ZHOU Zijun1, YANG Zhaoguo2, HE Gang3, WU Yanxiang3, XU Lin3, CHEN Kun1,*()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
    2 Yibin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yibin, Sichuan 644699, China
    3 Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Yibin Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Yibin, Sichuan 644000, China

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摘要：

摘 要：为探究川南冬水稻田在秸秆还田条件下，添加不同外源物料对秸秆腐解及稻田温室气体排放的影响，本研究以四川省宜宾市冬闲期稻田为对象，设置4种处理：秸秆还田（CK，A0N0）；秸秆还田+氮肥（A0N1）；秸秆还田+菌剂（A1N0）；秸秆还田+菌剂+氮肥（A1N1）。采用裂区试验设计，系统测定不同处理下的秸秆腐解速率，以及甲烷（CH4）、氧化亚氮（N2O）和二氧化碳（CO2）排放通量。结果表明，冬闲期CK的腐解率显著低于菌剂与氮肥配施处理。其中，A1N0处理在腐解前期表现最优，腐解速率最快，腐解率达65.08%。相较于CK，添加菌剂或氮肥均能提升秸秆腐解速率，但腐解后期速率均有所放缓。各处理的温室气体排放通量在冬闲期整体呈现“U”型动态变化（前期高-中期低-后期回升）。氮肥的添加显著促进还田前期CH4排放；菌剂与氮肥配施则显著降低CO2排放通量，降幅达59.81%。冬闲期N2O排放通量整体处于较低水平。从增温潜势（GWP）来看，A0N1处理的GWP最高，为3 082.50 kg/hm2，A1N1处理的GWP最低，仅为1 924.80 kg/hm2。在所有温室气体中，CO2对GWP贡献率最大，占比56.65%~75.20%。综上，在川南地区冬水稻田实施秸秆还田时，配施腐熟菌剂和氮肥，不仅能有效促进秸秆分解，还能显著降低系统整体温室气体GWP，为区域冬闲稻田的绿色生产和田间管理提供科学依据与技术支撑。

关键词: 稻田, 秸秆还田, 菌剂, 氮肥, 温室气体, 冬闲期

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of adding different exogenous amendments on straw decomposition and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in winter-fallow paddy fields under straw returning in the southern Sichuan, a field experiment was conducted in Yibin City, Sichuan Province. Four treatments were set up: straw returning (CK, A0N0); straw returning+nitrogen fertilizer (A0N1); straw returning+microbial agent(A1N0); straw return + microbial agent+nitrogen fertilizer(A1N1). A split-plot experimental design was adopted to systematically measure straw decomposition rates and emission fluxes of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Results showed that the decomposition rate of CK during the winter-fallow period was significantly lower than that of treatments with combined application of microbial agent and N fertilizer. Among all treatments, the single application of microbial agent achieved the highest decomposition rate in the early stage, reaching 65.08%. Compared with CK, both microbial agent and N fertilizer applications increased the straw decomposition rate, although the rate decreased in the later decomposition stage. The GHG emission fluxes across all treatments exhibited a “U-shaped” dynamic pattern during the winter-fallow period (high in the early stage, low in the middle, and rebounding in the late stage). N fertilizer application significantly enhanced CH4 emissions in the early stage of straw return, while the combined application of microbial agent and N fertilizer reduced CO2 emissions by 59.81%. N2O emissions remained at relatively low levels throughout the winter-fallow period. In terms of global warming potential (GWP), the treatment with sole N fertilizer application had the highest GWP (3,082.50 kg/hm2), whereas the treatment with combined microbial agent and N fertilizer had the lowest GWP (1,924.80 kg/hm2). CO2 contributed most to the total GWP, accounting for 56.65%-75.20% across all treatments.In conclusion, applying a combination of decomposing microbial agent and N fertilizer during straw return in winter-fallow paddy fields of southern Sichuan can not only accelerate straw decomposition but also significantly reduce the overall GHG warming potential, providing important scientific evidence and technical support for green production and improved field management of regional winter-fallow paddy systems.

Key words: straw return, microbial agent, nitrogen fertilizer, greenhouse gases, winter-fallow period

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