中国稻米 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 44-50.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.04.009

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国中低产稻田主要类型及其改良研究进展

张剑峰(), 马世浩, 曹玉东, 李小坤*()   

  1. 华中农业大学 资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室,武汉 430070
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-02 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-08
  • 通讯作者: * lixiaokun@mail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:第一作者:zjianfeng@webmail.hzau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901205);湖北省重点研发计划项目(2022BBA0048)

Types and Improvements of Medium- and Low-Yield Paddy Fields

ZHANG Jianfeng(), MA Shihao, CAO Yudong, LI Xiaokun*()   

  1. College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China

摘要:

目前,我国农业大田生产技术到位率不高,还未形成“多技术集成、大面积普及”均衡增产的格局。在农技、植保、土肥和种子等关键环节,支持措施相对孤立,缺乏协同作用,这限制了农业生产效率的提升。因此,深入挖掘并利用地、种、肥、药等生产要素以及耕、种、管、收各环节的增产潜力,并迅速推广先进实用的高质高效品种与技术,成为当前农业发展的重要任务。水稻是我国主要粮食作物之一,是确保我国粮食安全、社会发展和人类生存的重要支撑。耕地是粮食生产的基础,然而,我国约有767.0万hm2(即24.4%的稻田总面积)属于低产田,这直接影响了粮食产量的稳定增长。明确中低产稻田的现状及其障碍因子,并挖掘其增产潜力,对于实现粮食的持续稳定增产具有重要意义。通过对大量相关文献的梳理和总结,可以将中低产稻田系统地分为中产培肥型、冷渍潜育型、粘重缺肥型、沉砂板结型以及化学污染型。针对不同类型的中低产稻田,解析了它们存在的主要增产障碍因子,并综述了相应的改良管理措施及其应用效果。最后,针对当前中低产稻田改良中存在的问题提出今后的改良研究建议。

关键词: 中低产稻田, 水稻, 障碍因子, 改良措施

Abstract:

Currently, the implementation rate of agricultural field production technologies in China is not high, and a balanced production growth pattern of “multi-technology integration and large-scale popularization” has not yet been formed. In key areas such as agricultural technology, plant protection, soil fertility, and seeds, support measures are relatively isolated and synergistic effects lacked, which limited the improvement of agricultural production efficiency. Therefore, it has become a crucial task for current agricultural development to deeply explore and utilize the yield-increasing potential of production factors such as land, seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides, as well as various aspects of farming, planting, management, and harvesting, and to rapidly promote advanced and practical high-quality and high-efficiency varieties and technologies. Rice is a main food crop in China and plays a vital role in ensuring the country’s food security, social development, and human survival. Farmland is the foundation of grain production; however, approximately 7.67 million hectares (i.e., 24.4% of the total paddy fields area) in China are low-yield fields, which directly affects the stable growth of grain production. Clarifying the current situation and identifying obstacle factors for low-and medium-yield paddy fields in China is crucial to tapping their yield-increasing potential are of great significance for achieving sustained and stable increases in grain production. Based on the summary of a large amount of related literature, the medium- and low-yield paddy fields were classified as fertilised field, cold-gleyed field, bonded field, harden field and contaminated field. For these different types of paddy fields, the main obstacle factors were analyzed, and the corresponding improvement management measures and their application effects were reviewed. Finally, suggestions for future improvement research were proposed in light of the problems existing in the current improvement of low- and medium-yield paddy fields.

Key words: low-and medium-yield paddy fields, rice, obstacle factors, improvement measures

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