生物炭与氮肥施用对双季稻田温室气体排放的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2021.01.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以我国南方双季稻田为研究对象,旨在探究生物炭与氮肥施用对稻田温室气体排放的影响。试验共设置5个处理,分别为不施氮肥不施生物炭（N0B0）、单施40 t/hm²生物炭（N0B2）、单施氮肥（N1B0）、氮肥配施20 t/hm²生物炭（N1B1）、氮肥配施40 t/hm²生物炭（N1B2）。采用静态暗箱-气象色谱法连续监测稻田CH₄与N₂O排放情况,分析生物炭施用对稻田CH₄与N₂O累积排放量、综合温室效应（GWP）、周年水稻产量、温室气体排放强度（GHGI）的影响。结果表明,在施氮或不施氮条件下,施用生物炭均显著降低稻田CH₄排放量,显著增加N₂O累积排放量。与N1B0处理相比,N1B1与N1B2处理CH₄累积排放量分别下降32.43%和41.0%,N₂O累积排放量分别增加109.93%和106.54%。各处理综合温室效应由大到小依次为N1B0> N0B0> N0B2> N1B1> N1B2。晚稻收获后,土壤pH值、总炭与C/N随生物炭施用量增加呈递增趋势,且N1B2处理较N1B0处理显著增加。综上所述,与单施氮肥和单施生物炭相比,生物炭与氮肥配施更有利于南方双季稻田固碳减排,其中,氮肥配施40 t/hm²生物炭处理效果最佳。本研究为生物炭运用于缓解稻田温室效应提供了参考。

关键词: 生物炭, 氮肥, 双季稻, 温室气体

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of nitrogen （N） and biochar amendment on greenhouse gas emissions in double rice-cropping system. Five treatments were conducted: N0B0, no N fertilization without biochar amendment; N0B2, no N fertilization with 40 t/hm² biochar; N1B0, N fertilization without biochar amendment; N1B1, N fertilization with 20 t/hm² biochar; N1B2, N fertilization with 40 t/hm² biochar. Methane （CH₄） and nitrous oxide （N₂O） emissions were measured using the static chamber-gas chromatography method during rice-growing seasons, and analyzed the effects of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer amendment on CH₄ and N₂O emissions, global warming potential, annual yield and greenhouse gas intensity. The results indicated that biochar amendment significantly decreased CH₄ emission in treatments with or without N fertilizer. Compared with N1B0 treatment, CH₄ emissions of N1B1 and N1B2 treatments were decreased by 32.43% and 41.1%, respectively. Biochar amendment significantly increased the cumulative N₂O emissions under nitrogen application. Compared with N1B0 treatment, the cumulative emissions of N1B1 and N1B2 treatments were significantly increased by 109.93% and 106.54%, respectively. The global warming potential of each treatment can be ordered as: N1B0> N0B0> N0B2> N1B1> N1B2. After the late rice harvested, the soil pH value, total carbon and C/N showed an increasing trend with the increase of biochar application, and N1B2 treatment increased significantly compared to N1B0. In summary, compared with single application of nitrogen fertilizer and single application of biochar, combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer is more conducive to carbon sequestration and emission reduction in the double-season paddy field in southern China. N1B2 treatment has the best effect among all the treatments. The study provided some references for mitigating greenhouse effect by incorporating biochar into paddy fields.

Key words: biochar, N fertilizer, double-season rice, greenhouse gas emission

中图分类号:

S511.062

汪勇, 吕茹洁, 黎星, 胡水秀, 商庆银. 生物炭与氮肥施用对双季稻田温室气体排放的影响[J]. 中国稻米, 2021, 27(1): 20-26.

Yong WANG, Rujie LÜ, Xing LI, Shuixiu HU, Qingyin SHANG. Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Incorporation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Double Rice-cropping System[J]. China Rice, 2021, 27(1): 20-26.

图/表 8

图1 田间表层水深度与田间气温变化

图2 生物炭与氮肥配施对双季稻CH4排放通量的影响

图3 生物炭与氮肥配施对双季稻CH4累积排放总量的影响不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。下同。

图4 生物炭与氮肥配施对双季稻N2O排放通量的影响

图5 生物炭与氮肥配施对双季稻N2O累积排放总量的影响

表1 双季稻整个生育周期内综合温室效应、周年产量、温室气体强度、CH4贡献率和减排百分比与方差分析（P值）

表2 生物炭与氮肥配施对各处理土壤理化性质的影响

表3 温室气体排放与土壤性状的相关性分析

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