中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 96-99.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2025.04.016

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

农作物秸秆肥料化利用的绿色低碳分析

王强盛(), 张慧, 沈叶, 曹红灵, 丁万里, 徐娅, 刘为浒   

  1. 南京农业大学现代农作制度与生态循环农业实验室，南京 211800
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-07 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-08
  • 作者简介:第一作者：qswang@njau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    南京碳达峰碳中和科技创新计划(202211008);南京国际科技合作计划项目(202308017);江苏省现代农业产业技术体系项目(JATS[2023]439);国家“一带一路”创新计划项目(DL2022145004L);2024安徽天长科技成果转移转化项目

Green and Low-Carbon Utilization of Crop Straws as Fertilizer

WANG Qiangsheng(), ZHANG Hui, SHEN Ye, CAO Hongling, DING Wanli, XU Ya, LIU Weihu   

  1. Laboratory of Modern Farming System and Ecological Circular Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 211800, China
  • Received:2025-04-07 Published:2025-07-20 Online:2025-07-08
  • About author:1st author: qswang@njau.edu.cn

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摘要：

我国农作物秸秆资源具有储量丰富、种类多样、分布广泛的特点，有效利用农作物秸秆资源，是现代农业生产面临的一项重大挑战，也是亟待攻克的关键技术课题，将秸秆转化为肥料加以利用，是秸秆综合利用的主要途径。本文详细阐述了秸秆肥料化利用的3种主要方式——直接还田、堆肥还田和炭化还田，并分析了各自的优缺点。结合大田试验结果发现，秸秆直接还田、堆肥还田和炭化还田均能有效降低土壤容重、提高土壤孔隙度以及增加土壤有机质含量。此外，堆肥还田和炭化还田在防治病虫害、减少杂草滋生方面效果显著，对于推动农业绿色发展、助力农业低碳转型具有积极作用。

关键词: 农作物秸秆, 水稻, 肥料化, 绿色低碳

Abstract:

China’s crop straw resources are characterized by abundant reserves, diverse types, and widespread distribution. Effectively utilizing these crop straw resources represents a significant challenge in modern agricultural production and is also a crucial technological issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Among various utilization methods, converting straw into fertilizer for use is the primary approach for comprehensive straw utilization. This paper elaborates on three main methods of straw fertilizer utilization—direct return to the field, compost return to the field, and carbonization return to the field—and analyzes their respective advantages and disadvantages. Based on field trial results, it has been found that all three methods—direct return to the field, compost return to the field, and carbonization return to the field—can effectively reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity, and enhance soil organic matter content. Furthermore, compost return to the field and carbonization return to the field demonstrate significant effects in pest and disease control, as well as in reducing weed growth, playing a positive role in promoting green agricultural development and facilitating the transition to low-carbon agriculture.

Key words: crop straw, rice, fertilizer utilization, green and low-carbon

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