中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 79-85.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.04.013

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

保护性耕作耦合种植密度对水稻产量及稻田碳氮平衡的协同调控

胡津辅1,2,3,#(), 黄富春1,#(), 鲁旭鹏1, 杨文胜1, 朱建强1,*(), 李经勇2,3,*()   

  1. 1 长江大学 农学院, 湖北 荆州 434025
    2 重庆市农业科学院, 重庆 401329
    3 重庆市再生稻研究中心, 重庆 401329

Synergistic Regulation of Conservation Tillage Coupling Planting Density on Rice Yield and Carbon and Nitrogen Balance in Paddy Field

HU Jinfu1,2,3,#(), HUANG Fuchun1,#(), LU Xupeng1, YANG Wensheng1, ZHU Jianqiang1,*(), LI Jingyong2,3,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
    2 Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciencesr, Chongqing, 401329, China
    3 Chongqing Ratooning Rice Research Center, Chongqing 401329, China

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摘要：

2019—2022年在江汉平原开展了为期4年的田间裂区试验,探究耕作方式(免耕NT、减耕RT和常规耕作CT)与种植密度(低密、中密和高密)交互作用对水稻产量及土壤碳氮动态变化的影响。结果显示,耕作方式对水稻产量具有显著影响,NT和RT处理的水稻产量分别比CT提高22.56%和13.95%,且这种增产效应在不同年份间表现出较好的稳定性,变异不显著。此外,耕作方式与种植密度的交互作用对土壤铵硝比的影响因年份而异,其中保护性耕作(NT和RT)对种植密度变化的缓冲能力明显强于CT。经过连续4年的耕种,各处理下的土壤可溶性有机碳含量普遍呈现下降趋势,降幅表现为CT>RT>NT,但各处理间的差异未达到显著水平。土壤有机氮含量的变化则主要受耕作方式的影响。通过主成分分析(PCA)与Mantel检验分析发现,水稻产量与其收获后的土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量以及铵硝比呈正相关关系,而与土壤氮素减少量呈负相关关系。综上所述,免耕或减耕配合中等种植密度,是实现江汉平原水稻高产、稳产,并维持土壤碳氮平衡的有效管理策略。

关键词: 水稻, 保护性耕作, 产量, 铵硝比, 土壤可溶性有机碳, 土壤有机氮

Abstract:

A four-year field split-plot experiment was conducted on the Jianghan Plain from 2019 to 2022 to investigate the effects of the interaction between tillage methods(no-tillage, reduced tillage, and conventional tillage) and planting densities (low, medium, and high) on rice yield and the dynamic changes of soil carbon and nitrogen. The results indicated that tillage methods had a significant effect on rice yield, as rice yields under no-tillage (NT) and reduced tillage (RT) increased by 22.56% and 13.95% respectively, compared to conventional tillage (CT). Moreover, this yield-increasing effect demonstrated good stability across different years, with insignificant variation. Additionally, the effect of the interaction between tillage methods and planting densities on the soil ammonium-to-nitrate ratio varied by year, with conservation tillage (NT and RT) exhibiting significantly stronger buffering capacity against changes in planting density compared to CT. After four years of consecutive cultivation, the soil soluble organic carbon content under all treatments generally showed a decreasing trend, with the magnitude of the decrease being CT>RT>NT, although the differences among treatments did not reach a significant level. The changes in soil organic nitrogen content were primarily influenced by tillage methods. Through principal component analysis (PCA) and Mantel test analysis, it was found that rice yield was positively correlated with soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen content, and the ammonium-to-nitrate ratio after harvest, while negatively correlated with the reduction in soil nitrogen. In conclusion, the combination of no-tillage or reduced tillage with medium planting density represents an effective management strategy for achieving high and stable rice yields and maintaining soil carbon and nitrogen balance on the Jianghan Plain.

Key words: rice, conservation tillage, yield, ammonium nitrate ratio, soil soluble organic carbon, soil organic nitrogen

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