水稻对养殖池塘磷负荷的消减效应及其研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.04.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

集约化精养池塘的迅猛发展导致周边水体的磷污染问题日益突出。稻渔结合是消减精养池塘磷污染、促进养分循环利用的重要技术途径,在我国南方地区具有巨大应用潜力。本研究综合分析了养殖池塘磷负荷的主要来源,阐述了物理、化学、生物除磷技术,系统论述了水稻在养殖池塘除磷方面的应用潜力及可能的作用机制,围绕专用水稻品种筛选与选育、“稻-渔”协同技术优化设计、生态修复机理深化解析三个维度,对未来研究方向进行展望,为环境友好型稻渔模式的养分管理与调控提供理论依据。

关键词: 水稻, 养殖池塘, 磷负荷, 植物修复

Abstract:

The rapid development of intensive aquaculture ponds has led to severe phosphorus contamination of ambient water bodies. The integration of rice cultivation with aquaculture represents a crucial strategy for alleviating phosphorus pollution from such systems and enhancing nutrient recycling efficiency. This integrated approach holds considerable practical potential for implementation in South China. This study comprehensively analyzed the main sources of phosphorus load in aquaculture ponds, elaborated on physical, chemical, and biological phosphorus removal technologies, and systematically discussed the application potential of rice in phosphorus removal from aquaculture ponds along with its underlying mechanisms. Additionally, this study systematically prospected future research directions focusing on three core dimensions: selection and breeding optimization of dedicated rice varieties, optimization design of rice-fish integrated technologies, and in-depth analysis of ecological restoration mechanisms. These results will provide a good reference for the nutrient regulation in environmentally friendly rice-fish integration models.

Key words: rice, aquaculture ponds, phosphorus load, phytoremediation

中图分类号:

S511.04

李凤博, 冯金飞, 方福平. 水稻对养殖池塘磷负荷的消减效应及其研究进展[J]. 中国稻米, 2026, 32(4): 25-30.

LI Fengbo, FENG Jinfei, FANG Fuping. Advances in Mitigation Effect of Rice on Phosphorus Load in Aquaculture Ponds[J]. China Rice, 2026, 32(4): 25-30.

图/表 1

参考文献 54

[1]	农业农村部渔业渔政管理局. 中国渔业年鉴(2019)[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2020.
[2]	KIBRIA G, NUGEGODA D, LAM P, et al. Aspects of phosphorus pollution from aquaculture[J]. Naga World Fish Center, 1996, 19(3): 20-24.
[3]	LUO G Z. Review of waste phosphorus from aquaculture: Source, removal and recovery[J]. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2023, 15(3): 1 058-1 082.
[4]	SUGIURA S H. Phosphorus, aquaculture, and the environment[J]. Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 2018, 26(4): 515-521.
[5]	GAO C, ZHANG T L. Eutrophication in a Chinese context: Understanding various physical and socio-economic aspects[J]. AMBIO, 2010, 39(5): 385-393.
[6]	VILARDI G, BUBBICO R, DI PALMA L, et al. Nitrate green removal by fixed-bed columns packed with waste biomass: Modelling and friction parameter estimation[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2020, 154: 250-261.
[7]	冯金飞, 李凤博, 吴殿星, 等. 稻作系统对淡水养殖池塘富营养化的修复效应及应用前景[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(16):4480-4 487.
[8]	陈柏湘. 稻田对池塘养殖废水的净化研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2009.
[9]	吴永红, 胡正义, 杨林章. 农业面源污染控制工程的 “减源-拦截-修复”(3R)理论与实践[J]. 农业工程学报, 2011, 27(5):1-6.
[10]	齐凌艳, 张帅, 熊爱玲, 等. 长江流域养殖池塘氮磷污染负荷估算[J]. 环境科学学报, 2022, 42(12):156-170.
[11]	周聃, 黄飞, 刘梅, 等. 配合饲料和冰鲜鱼养殖乌鳢池塘氮磷收支及养殖效果比较[J]. 水产学杂志, 2024, 37(4):64-69.
[12]	李卓佳, 虞为, 朱长波, 等. 对虾单养和对虾-罗非鱼混养试验围隔氮磷收支的研究[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2012, 12(4):50-55.
[13]	DAVID F S, PROENCA D C, VALENTI W C. Phosphorus budget in integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems with Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and Amazon River prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum[J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2017, 48(3): 402-414.
[14]	刘璐, 李学梅, 吴兴兵, 等. 青鱼-鳙生态混养池塘的氮磷收支研究[J]. 淡水渔业, 2021, 51(6):63-69.
[15]	钟全福. 罗非鱼为主多品种混养池塘氮磷收支[J]. 广东海洋大学学报, 2019, 39(6):48-53.
[16]	刘梅, 原居林, 倪蒙, 等. 大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)不同养殖模式氮磷收支及养殖效果研究[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2021, 52(3):718-728.
[17]	孙云飞, 王芳, 刘峰, 等. 草鱼与鲢、鲤不同混养模式系统的氮磷收支[J]. 中国水产科学, 2015, 22(3):450-459.
[18]	陈明海, 唐汇娟, 孙依依, 等. 丰产鲫精养池塘氮磷的动态与收支[J]. 华中农业大学学报, 2015, 34(2):95-100.
[19]	BROWN T W, BOYD C E, CHAPPELL J A. Approximate water and chemical budgets for an experimental, in-pond raceway system[J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 2012, 43(4): 526-537.
[20]	SAHU B C, ADHIKARI S, MAHAPAPATRA A S, et al. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus budget in scampi (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) culture ponds[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2013, 185(12): 10 157-10 166.
[21]	SAHU B C, ADHIKARI S, DEY L. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus budget in shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture ponds in eastern India[J]. Aquaculture International, 2013, 21(2): 453-466.
[22]	GREEN B W, BOYD C E. Chemical budgets for organically fertilized fish ponds in the dry tropics[J]. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 1995, 26(3): 284-296.
[23]	PAEZ-OSUNÁ F, GURRRERO-GÁLVAN S R, RUIZ-FERNÁNDEZ A C, et al. Fluxes and mass balances of nutrients in a semi-intensive shrimp farm in north-western Mexico[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1997, 34(5): 290-297.
[24]	XIA L Z, YANG L Z, YAN M C. Nitrogen and phosphorus cycling in shrimp ponds and the measures for sustainable management[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2004, 26(2): 245-251.
[25]	FUNGE-SMITH S J, BRIGGS M R P. Nutrient budgets in intensive shrimp ponds: Implications for sustainability[J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 164(1/2/3/4): 117-133.
[26]	CASILLAS-HERNÁNDEZ R, MAGALLONÓ-BARAJAS F, PORTILLO-CLARCK G, et al. Nutrient mass balances in semi-intensive shrimp ponds from Sonora, Mexico using two feeding strategies: Trays and mechanical dispersal[J]. Aquaculture, 2006, 258: 289-298.
[27]	THAKUR D P, LIN C K. Water quality and nutrient budget in closed shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture systems[J]. Aquacultural Engineering, 2003, 27(3): 159-176.
[28]	BOYD C E. Chemical budgets for channel catfish ponds[J]. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 1985, 114(2): 291-298.
[29]	李成瑶, 程立, 王同飞, 等. 白洋淀典型区域清淤前后沉积物的氮磷扩散通量研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2021, 41(4):1401-1 409.
[30]	李贤, 田文静, 张翔宇, 等. 水产养殖尾水除磷技术研究进展[J]. 渔业科学进展, 2025, 46(2):1-14.
[31]	WANG M, YI M M, LU M X, et al. Effects of probiotics Bacillus cereus NY5 and Alcaligenes faecalis Y311 used as water additives on the microbiota and immune enzyme activities in three mucosal tissues in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in outdoor tanks[J]. Aquaculture Reports, 2020, 17: 100 309.
[32]	THURLOW C M, WILLIAMS M A, CARRIAS A, et al. Bacillus velezensis AP193 exerts probiotic effects in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and reduces aquaculture pond eutrophication[J]. Aquaculture, 2019, 503: 347-356.
[33]	胡晓娟, 李卓佳, 曹煜成, 等. 养殖池塘生态系统中磷的收支及解磷微生物的研究进展[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2010, 10(1):7-11.
[34]	刘庆辉, 余祥勇, 张鹤千, 等. 脱氮除磷益生菌对养殖尾水处理的研究进展[J]. 海洋渔业, 2020, 42(4):502-512.
[35]	司楠, 许明珠, 董兰芳, 等. 不同鲢鳙配比对池塘浮游动物群落结构和养殖效能的影响[J]. 广西科学, 2023, 30(5):899-909.
[36]	周东来, 邝哲师, 符兵, 等. 养殖池塘水体原位修复技术研究进展[J]. 广东农业科学, 2024, 51(1):85-96.
[37]	吴建强, 阮晓红, 王雪. 人工湿地中水生植物的作用和选择[J]. 水资源保护, 2005, 21(1):1-6.
[38]	VYMAZAL J. Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow: A review[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2011, 674(1): 133-156.
[39]	周元, 朱建强, 李谷, 等. 稻田对池塘养殖肥水的吸收利用效果研究[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2011, 30(5):78-81.
[40]	卢进登, 陈红兵, 赵丽娅, 等. 人工浮床栽培7种植物在富营养化水体中的生长特性研究[J]. 环境污染治理技术与设备, 2006(7):58-61.
[41]	XIE J, HU L L, TANG J J, et al. Ecological mechanisms underlying the sustainability of the agricultural heritage rice-fish coculture system[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011, 108(50): E1381-E1387.
[42]	ZHANG J, HU L L, REN W Z, et al. Rice-soft shell turtle coculture effects on yield and its environment[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2016, 224: 116-122.
[43]	HU L L, ZHANG J, REN W Z, et al. Can the co-cultivation of rice and fish help sustain rice production?[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6: 28 728.
[44]	SCHULZ M, RINKE K, KÖHLER J. A combined approach of photogrammetrical methods and field studies to determine nutrient retention by submersed macrophytes in running waters[J]. Aquatic Botany, 2003, 76(1): 17-29.
[45]	LI F V, FENG J, ZHOU X Y, et al. Effect of rice-fish/shrimp co-culture on sediment resuspension and associated nutrients release in intensive aquaculture ponds[J]. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2020, 66(7): 971-982.
[46]	秦琳, 刘耀斌, 李凤博, 等. 稻鱼共作对养殖池塘沉积物-水界面微观剖面理化性质的影响[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2016, 30(6):647-652.
[47]	MORTIMER C H. Chemical exchanges between sediments and water in the great lakes-speculations on probable regulatory mechanisms[J]. Limnology and Oceanography, 1971, 16(2): 387-404.
[48]	MOORE A Jr, REDDY K R. Role of eh and pH on phosphorus geochemistry in sediments of lake okeechobee, Florida[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1994, 23(5): 955-964.
[49]	NIELSEN L P, RISGAARD-PETERSEN N, FOSSING H, et al. Electric currents couple spatially separated biogeochemical processes in marine sediment[J]. Nature, 2010, 463(7284): 1 071-1 074.
[50]	CHEN M S, DING S M, CHEN X, et al. Mechanisms driving phosphorus release during algal blooms based on hourly changes in iron and phosphorus concentrations in sediments[J]. Water Research, 2018, 133: 153-164.
[51]	张乃于, 闫双堆, 李娟, 等. 低分子量有机酸对土壤磷组分影响的Meta分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(12):2076-2 083.
[52]	MA Q X, WEN Y, MA J Z, et al. Long-term farmyard manure application affects soil organic phosphorus cycling: A combined metagenomic and 33P/14C labelling study[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2020, 149: 107959.
[53]	GAIND S, SINGH Y V. Soil organic phosphorus fractions in response to long-term fertilization with composted manures under rice-wheat cropping system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2016, 39(9): 1 336-1 347.
[54]	SUN F, SONG C J, WANG M, et al. Long-term increase in rainfall decreases soil organic phosphorus decomposition in tropical forests[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2020, 151: 108 056.