中国稻米

中国稻米 ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 35-41.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.05.007

• 专论与研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

极端高温对水稻农艺性状及品种试验稳定性的影响

李延玲1(), 缪添惠2, 孙挺3, 曹静3, 张文宇3, 杨曙东2,*()   

  1. 1 南京农业大学 农学院， 南京 210095
    2 嵊州市良种繁育场， 浙江 嵊州 312000
    3 江苏省农业科学院 无锡分院， 江苏 无锡 214174
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-19 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 通讯作者: * 18305177769@163.com
  • 作者简介:

    第一作者：liyanling@njau.edu.cn

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2001000);江苏省基础研究计划青年基金项目(BK20250298)

Effects of Extreme High Temperature on Rice Agronomic Traits and Variety Trial Stability

LI Yanling1(), MIAO Tianhui2, SUN Ting3, CAO Jing3, ZHANG Wenyu3, YANG Shudong2,*()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
    2 Shengzhou Seed Production Farm, Shengzhou, Zhejiang 312000, China
    3 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214174, China

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摘要：

水稻是全球最重要的粮食作物之一，其生长发育及产量形成对温度条件高度敏感。本研究基于浙江省嵊州市2022—2023年97个水稻新品种集中展示试验数据，系统分析了主要农艺性状的年际变异特征及极端高温的影响效应。结果表明，在高温年份，播种-抽穗期和抽穗持续期显著延长，结实率与千粒重明显下降，有效穗数略有增加，导致整体产量显著降低；而株高与每穗粒数在不同年份间则未发生显著变化。相关性分析显示，高温削弱了生育期性状间的协同关联，强化了有效穗数与每穗粒数间的资源分配平衡关系，并降低了理论产量对实际产量的预测精度。主成分分析进一步揭示，高温增强了产量构成因子对环境变化的敏感性，同时降低了生育期性状间的协同性。综上，极端高温显著加剧了水稻新品种主要农艺性状表现的年际波动，进而影响品种试验评价的稳定性与准确性。因此，建议在水稻新品种评价中综合考量极端高温等关键环境因素的影响，优化品种评价体系，从而提升新品种选育与推广应用的可靠性与针对性。

关键词: 水稻, 高温, 农艺性状, 年际变异, 新品种试验

Abstract:

Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world, and its growth, development, and yield formation are highly sensitive to temperature conditions. This study systematically analyzed the interannual variation characteristics of major agronomic traits and the effects of extreme high temperature based on data from a 2022—2023 centralized demonstration trial of 97 new rice varieties conducted in Shengzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The results showed that, in high-temperature years, the sowing-to-heading period and the heading duration were significantly extended, the seed-setting rate and thousand-grain weight decreased markedly, and the number of effective panicles slightly increased, leading to a significant overall reduction in yield. In contrast, plant height and grains per panicle did not change significantly between years. Correlation analysis revealed that high temperature weakened the synergistic relationships among growth-period traits, strengthened the resource allocation trade-off between panicle number and grains per panicle, and reduced the predictive accuracy of theoretical yield for actual yield. Principal component analysis further demonstrated that high temperature increased the sensitivity of yield component factors to environmental variation, while reducing the coordination among growth-period traits. In summary, extreme high temperature significantly amplifies the interannual fluctuations in major agronomic trait expression of new rice varieties, thereby, affecting the stability and accuracy of variety trial evaluations. Therefore, it is recommended that in the evaluation process of new rice varieties, the impact of key environmental factors such as extreme high temperatures be comprehensively considered, and the variety evaluation system be optimized to enhance the reliability and targeting of new variety breeding and promotion applications.

Key words: rice, high temperature, agronomic traits, interannual variation, new variety trial

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